Women And the Criminal Justice System,9780205482184

Women And the Criminal Justice System

by ;
Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780205482184
ISBN10: 020548218X
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2011-01-01
Publisher(s): Prentice Hall
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List Price: $80.20

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Summary

This text examines the various roles of women in the criminal justice system within a social context in which women are oppressed. It emphasizes gender and ethnic diversity along with the strengths of oppressed people, especially women of color. A wide range of issues are covered, including the rate of early childhood sexual abuse, victimization in female inmates, priest abuse of girls, female inmate rape by male prison guards, and obstacles for women lawyers achieving partnerships in their firms. The text examines three roles of women in criminal justice: Women as victims of crimes Women as criminals convicted and sentenced for crimes Women as workers in various agencies in the criminal justice system

Table of Contents

Preface xv
PART ONE Introduction 1(24)
1 Gender, Patriarchy, and Social Control
3(22)
The Study of Crime and the Male Perspective
4(2)
Importance of Patriarchy
5(1)
Feminist Theories
6(3)
Liberal Feminism
6(1)
Socialist Feminism
7(1)
Marxist Feminism
7(1)
Radical Feminism
8(1)
Third-Wave Feminism
8(1)
Post-Modern Feminism
9(1)
Backlash to the Women's Movement
9(1)
Human Agency
9(1)
Oppression, Patriarchal Society, and the Criminal Justice System
10(5)
Laws Defining Women's Place
12(1)
Sexual Harassment of Women in Criminal Justice Institutions
13(2)
Gender, Class, and Race and Women in the Criminal Justice System
15(2)
The Empowerment Perspective
17(2)
Paradigm Shift
19(1)
Summary
19(6)
PART TWO Women Criminals 25(74)
2 Women in Crime
27(26)
Explanations of Female Crime
28(11)
Gender, Class, and Race
36(2)
The Total Is Greater Than the Sum of Its Parts
38(1)
Extent and Nature of Female Crime
39(6)
Is Female Crime Increasing?
39(2)
Trends in Violent Crimes among Women Offenders
41(4)
Women and Drug Offenses
45(1)
Processing of Female Offenders
46(1)
Summary
47(6)
3 Feminist Theory and Research
53(17)
Key Features That Distinguish Feminist Theories
53(2)
The Problem of Generalizability
55(3)
Gendered Pathways
57(1)
Gendered Crime
57(1)
Gendered Lives
58(1)
Masculinities and Crime
58(1)
Feminist Epistemologies
59(2)
Research Methods and Methodology
61(4)
Choice of Research Topic
61(1)
Choice of Research Methods and Methodologies
61(3)
Reflexivity
64(1)
Policy and Action
65(1)
Summary
66(4)
4 Delinquency across the Life Span
70(29)
The Life Course Perspective
71(3)
Continuity of Delinquency into Adult Criminality
72(1)
Desistance from Crime
73(1)
Female Delinquency across the Life Course
74(8)
Relationship Between Male and Female Patterns of Delinquency
74(2)
Female Use of Drugs and Alcohol
76(1)
Gang Behavior among Female Adolescents
77(2)
Prostitution
79(1)
Adolescent Females and Violent Behavior
79(3)
Gender across the Life Course
82(2)
Desistance from Crime
83(1)
A Feminist Theory of Delinquency
84(2)
How Gender Bias Affects the Processing of the Female Delinquent
86(6)
Gender Relations
86(3)
Influence of Class
89(2)
Racial Discrimination
91(1)
The Whole Is Greater Than the Sum of the Parts
92(1)
Summary
92(7)
PART THREE Drug Addiction, Prison, and Restoration 99(92)
5 Women, Substance Abuse, and Criminal Justice
101(34)
First, the Statistics
102(5)
The Meaning of the Statistics
107(1)
Biological Factors
107(7)
The Brain on Drugs
109(2)
Co-occurring Disorders
111(1)
The Role of Early Childhood Sexual Abuse
112(2)
Psychological Factors
114(3)
Pathways to Crime
114(2)
Partner Violence
116(1)
Social/Societal Factors
117(3)
Punishment of Pregnant Drug Addicts
119(1)
Treatment Issues
120(6)
Promising Developments
126(2)
Drug Courts and Community Treatment
126(1)
Empowerment and Gender-Responsive Approaches
127(1)
Summary
128(7)
6 The Prison Environment
135(39)
History of the Women's Prison
136(3)
The Population Profile
139(5)
Mothers in Prison
141(3)
Prison Structure
144(5)
The Social World of the Women's Prison
144(1)
Prison Families
145(2)
Prison Sexuality
147(2)
Attitudes toward Women in Prison
149(4)
Prison Health Care
150(2)
The Bad Mother Image
152(1)
Degrading Practices
153(4)
Prison Sexual Abuse
154(3)
Inmate Litigation
157(2)
Women on Death Row
159(3)
Innovative Programs
162(4)
Feminist Empowering Programs
163(1)
Family Programs
164(2)
Ethnic-Specific Programs
166(1)
Summary
166(8)
7 Restorative Justice Programs: Innovation and Advocacy
174(17)
Role Models
175(2)
Linda Harvey
176(1)
Mary Roche
176(1)
Principles of Restorative Justice
177(3)
Community Conferencing and Circle Sentencing
178(1)
Family Group Conferences (FGCs)
179(1)
Reparation and Restitution
179(1)
Victim-Offender Conferencing
180(1)
Female Offender Special Needs
180(1)
Innovative Programming
181(1)
Adult Corrections
182(1)
A Look at Program Effectiveness
183(2)
Advocacy
185(2)
Summary
187(4)
PART FOUR Women as Victims and Survivors 191(116)
8 Rape
193(38)
Historical Overview
195(2)
African American Women and Rape
195(1)
Reconceptualization of Rape
196(1)
Prevalence
197(3)
Impact of the Mass Media
200(5)
Blaming the Victim
201(4)
Types of Rape
205(9)
Acquaintance Rape
205(3)
Mass Rape
208(2)
Child Sexual Abuse
210(2)
Priest Abuse
212(2)
Criminal Justice Response
214(3)
Victims' Rights
216(1)
Psychological Trauma
217(2)
Treatment and Empowerment
219(4)
Denial-Avoidance
220(1)
Guilt and Sexualization
221(1)
Reexperience and Rage
222(1)
Healing
222(1)
Summary
223(8)
9 Wife and Partner Abuse
231(46)
Historical Overview
233(1)
Nature and Scope of the Problem
233(6)
Lesbian and Gay Couples
235(1)
Rates of Violence among Ethnic Minorities
236(1)
International Research
237(2)
Dynamics of Intimate Abuse
239(3)
Marital Rape
242(1)
Murder-Suicide
243(3)
Women Who Kill Their Husbands/Partners
246(2)
Theories of Partner Abuse
248(3)
Societal Stress
248(1)
Family Violence Framework
249(1)
Systems Theory
250(1)
Feminist Therapy
250(1)
The Substance Abuse Connection
251(3)
The Psychology of Male Abuse
254(1)
Children Witnessing Violence
255(2)
Criminal Justice Process
257(3)
Human Rights Issues
260(1)
Empowerment
261(6)
Crisis Intervention
261(2)
Shelters for Battered Women
263(1)
Treatment for Batterers
264(3)
Summary
267(10)
10 Women's Victimization: Global Perspectives
277(30)
The Impact of Globalization
280(4)
Women's Rights Are Human Rights
284(3)
Violations of Women Domestically
287(5)
Wife Beating
289(1)
Honor Killing
290(1)
Immigration and Domestic Violence
290(1)
The Legacy of the Iraq War
291(1)
Community-Level Victimization: Sex Trafficking
292(1)
Victimization of Women at the State Level
293(5)
Rape in War
293(4)
Women, War, and Peace
297(1)
Treatment of Immigrants in U.S. Detention
297(1)
Global Initiatives for Rights and Justice
298(3)
Restorative Justice
299(2)
Summary
301(6)
PART FIVE Women as Professionals 307(94)
11 Women in Law Enforcement
309(30)
A History of Women in Policing
310(4)
Barriers to Women in Policing
314(1)
Comparison of Male and Female Officers' Job Performance
315(1)
Gender, Race, and Culture
316(8)
Gender and Culture: Women Are Not Wanted—This Is a Man's Job
316(4)
Community to Community: Changing Roles for Police Officers
320(1)
Sexual Harassment in the Police Culture
321(2)
African American Women in Policing
323(1)
Success in a Difficult Career Path
324(3)
Legal Protections
327(3)
United States Civil Rights Act
327(1)
Fair Employment Practices (FEP)
328(1)
Tort Laws and Criminal Charges
328(1)
Statute 42 United States Code Section 1983
329(1)
The Courts and Findings of Sexual Harassment
330(3)
The Reasonable Woman Standard
331(1)
Issues of Women Working as Police Officers
332(1)
Summary
333(6)
12 Women in the Legal Profession
339(30)
History of Women in Law
341(3)
Law School Socialization
344(2)
Patriarchal Nature of the World of Law
346(1)
Legal Practice: Struggles in a Man's World
347(6)
Women on the Bench
351(2)
Race, Class, and Gender
353(4)
Gender and Discrimination
353(1)
Sexual Harassment
354(1)
Synergistic Nature of Race, Class, Gender, and Sexual Orientation
355(2)
Mass Media Images
357(2)
Television and Film Portrayals
358(1)
Strengths of Women Attorneys
359(2)
Significance of Women's Entrance into the Law
361(2)
Summary
363(6)
13 Women in Corrections
369(24)
History of Women in Corrections
370(3)
Women Probation Officers
373(2)
Women Jail Officers
375(2)
Women Wardens
377(2)
The Correctional Counselor
379(3)
Stages in Counselors' Correctional Careers
380(2)
The Female Correctional Officer
382(7)
Toxic Environment
383(3)
Privacy-Equal Employment Dilemma
386(1)
Comparison of How Female and. Male Correctional Officers Do Their Jobs
387(1)
Issues of Women Working as Correctional Officers
387(2)
Summary
389(4)
14 Summary and New Directions for the Future
393(8)
Theme of Gender, Class, Race/Ethnicity, Sexual Orientation, and Age
393(1)
Theme of Multiple Oppressions of Gender, Class, Race/Ethnicity, Sexual Orientation, and Age
394(1)
Theme of Male-Oriented Social Construction of Knowledge
395(1)
Importance of Social Context
396(1)
Empowerment of Women Involved with the Justice System
397(1)
Future Trends
398(3)
Index 401

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