Typical and Atypical Development From Conception to Adolescence

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Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2002-12-13
Publisher(s): Wiley-Blackwell
List Price: $57.55

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Summary

This text provides an interesting and informative account of the child's journey from the womb to the world outside, through childhood and into adolescence. It is based on the belief that it is vital for those training to work with children who have problems to understand what is typical or atypical in children's development.The first half of the book, discussing normal patterns of growth and development, is cross-referenced to equivalent chapters in the second half, which discuss the atypical route. These connections serve to emphasize the continuities between, and similarities of, children with typical and atypical conditions. Among the difficulties covered are:- Pervasive developmental disorders- Genetic disorders- Physical impairments- Learning difficulties- Brain damage- Emotional and behavioural disorders- Personality disorders.- Physical and mental illnessesThe text also deliberately links developmental and clinical psychology approaches in order to help readers connect their theoretical understanding of the physical and psychological problems of childhood with the practicalities of assessment, rehabilitation and treatment.

Author Biography

Martin Herbert is Honorary Consultant Clinical Psychologist at the Royal and Devon Exeter Health Care Trust and Emeritus Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Exeter.

Table of Contents

Preface xii
Introduction 1(1)
From childhood to adolescence
1(1)
Parenthood
1(1)
Concepts of normality and abnormality
2(9)
Age- and stage-related tasks
11(1)
Crises of development
12(1)
The developmental history
13(6)
PART I: Typical Development Where the Journey Begins The Intrauterine Stages and Perinatal Period
Introduction
17(2)
The First Steps
19(25)
Conception: the beginning of life
19(3)
Genetic variation and influence
22(4)
The genotype
26(1)
The human genome project
26(2)
Similarities and differences in individuals and groups
28(2)
Progress from conception to birth
30(9)
Summary of prenatal events: times after conception
39(3)
Unanswered questions
42(2)
The Perinatal Period
44(31)
Anticipation of the birth
44(1)
Fads and fashions
45(2)
The birth: labour and delivery
47(4)
The mother and postantal infant care
51(3)
Maternal bonding theory
54(2)
Bonding to the unborn baby
56(1)
The competent infant
57(1)
Parenting
58(1)
Siblings
59(1)
Environmental influences
60(2)
Representational models of the infant
62(1)
PART II: Typical Development Infancy
Introduction
63(1)
The first relationship
63(2)
The development of sociability
65(1)
Crying and smiling as `social communication'
65(2)
The nature of attachment
67(4)
Internal representations and selfhood
71(1)
Development of self--other awareness
72(3)
Early Childhood: The Pre-School Stage Infant Growth and Development
75(15)
Physical development
75(3)
The nervous system
78(1)
The brain growth spurt
78(2)
The brain and communication
80(1)
Growth of the brain
81(2)
Biological basis of personality
83(2)
Sleeping patterns
85(4)
Feeding behaviour
89(1)
Perceptual, Motor and Language Development
90(41)
Perceptual development
90(1)
Vision and fine motor movement
91(3)
Motor development
94(5)
The proactive brain
99(1)
Speech and language development
100(7)
PART III: Typical Development Adaptation and Learning
Introduction
107(1)
Adjustment and adaptation
107(2)
Cultural influences
109(1)
The family environment
110(1)
Childcare practices
110(1)
Maternal privation and deprivation
111(2)
The father's role
113(3)
Divorce
116(3)
Adoption
119(1)
Surrogate parenting
120(1)
Learning theory
120(2)
Models of learning
122(5)
The adaptive role of fear
127(2)
Generalized anxiety
129(2)
Early Childhood: The Pre-School Stage Socialization and Cognitive Development
131(25)
Socialization and self-control
131(1)
Learning and identification: social and moral awareness
132(2)
Social cognition
134(1)
Social compliance
135(2)
The development of aggressive behaviour
137(2)
Sex-role (gender) identity
139(2)
Socializing tasks
141(4)
Cognitive development
145(6)
Play
151(2)
Theory of mind
153(3)
Middle and Late Childhood The School-Going Child
156(8)
Developing a new individuality
156(2)
Rules and values
158(1)
Expectations of parents
159(1)
Social skills and friendships
160(2)
Exchange theory
162(1)
Siblings: the longest lasting relationships
163(1)
Adolescence: Leaving Childhood Behind
164(25)
The changes of puberty
164(2)
The end of childhood
166(5)
Adolescent sexuality
171(2)
Identity and self-image
173(3)
The ending of puberty
176(1)
PART IV: Atypical Development The Hazardous Route
Introduction
177(1)
Issues of assessment, definition and measurement
177(1)
The journey begins again: prenatal influences
178(1)
Genetic influences: inherited abnormalities
179(1)
Chromosomal abnormalities
180(3)
Genetic accidents
183(1)
Patterns of genetic transmission
184(3)
Prenatal, antenatal and neonatal screening
187(1)
Behavioural genetics
187(1)
Neuropsychological causation
188(1)
The Perilous First Journey The Inhospitable Environment
189(6)
Maternal stress and inherited abnormalities
189(1)
Biological adversity
190(1)
Teratogens
191(4)
The Hazardous Perinatal Period The Atypical Route
195(18)
The Apgar test
195(2)
Survival repertoire
197(1)
Birth complications
198(1)
Prematurity
199(6)
Birth trauma
205(1)
Anoxia
206(2)
Parental attachment to atypical infants
208(3)
Stillbirth and infant death
211(2)
Early Chidhood Atypical Physical, Sensory and Motor Development
213(23)
Physical disorders and disabilities
213(5)
Congenital physical anomalies
218(1)
Abnormalities of haemoglobin
219(1)
Impairments of vision
219(2)
Impairments of hearing
221(1)
Motor impairments
222(3)
Impairments of speech and language
225(4)
Executive functions of the brain
229(1)
Neurological damage
230(2)
Tics and Tourette's syndrome
232(1)
Head injuries
233(3)
The Pre-School Child Atypical Behaviour
236(16)
The authoritative parent
236(1)
Socialization
237(2)
Assertive/commanding behaviour in young children
239(1)
Adverse temperamental attributes
239(2)
The `difficult' child
241(1)
Oppositional defiant disorder
242(2)
Developmental (physical) task problems
244(8)
The School-Going Child Atypical Behaviour
252(23)
Educational failure
252(1)
Insecurity based problems
253(1)
Reactive attachment disorder
254(1)
Peer group problems
255(1)
Rejection
256(1)
Social skills problems
256(1)
Selective mutism
257(1)
School refusal
257(3)
Attention deficit and hyperactivity at school
260(3)
Severe (profound) learning disabilities
263(1)
Specific learning disabilities
263(2)
Dyslexia
265(4)
PART V: Atypical Development Mental Health and Mental Illness
Introduction
269(1)
Positive mental health
269(1)
Mental illness
270(5)
Adolescence: Unsocial and Antisocial Behaviour
275(21)
Prejudice
275(3)
Risky sexual activity
278(2)
Drug use and abuse
280(1)
Antisocial behaviour: conduct disorders
281(3)
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
284(7)
Bullying
291(1)
Delinquency
291(2)
Personality disorder
293(1)
Moral development
294(2)
Psychological and Psychiatric Disorders
296(29)
Mental health problems
296(3)
Anxiety states
299(2)
Phobic anxiety
301(4)
Panic attacks
305(1)
Agoraphobia
306(2)
Obsessive--compulsive disorder
308(1)
Depression (affective disorder)
309(6)
Schizophrenia
315(6)
PART VI: ATypical Development Children with Special Needs
Introduction
321(1)
Defining need
321(1)
Developmental disability
321(2)
The child who is ill
323(1)
Child protection
324(1)
Pervasive Developmental Difficulties Early to Late Childhood and Adolescence
325(32)
Intellectual (learning) disability
325(3)
Classification of intellectual impairment
328(5)
Pervasive developmental disorders
333(1)
The autistic continuum
333(14)
Asperger syndrome/disorder
347(1)
Anorexia nervosa
348(9)
When a Child is Ill
357(14)
Chronic illness
357(4)
Implications of acute and chronic illness
361(2)
Serious illness (hospitalization)
363(1)
Development of the concept of death
363(5)
Ethical issues
368(3)
Child Abuse and Maltreatment
371(10)
Physical abuse
372(1)
Emotional abuse
373(1)
Child sexual abuse
373(8)
Epilogue 381(2)
Appendix I: False and True Beliefs 383(2)
Appendix II: Measurement of Intelligence 385(3)
References and Bibliography 388(23)
Index 411

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