The Tao of Spycraft

by ;
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1998-08-01
Publisher(s): Westview Pr
List Price: $35.00

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Summary

InThe Tao of Spycraft, for the first time anywhere Ralph Sawyer unfolds the long and venerable tradition of spycraft and intelligence work in traditional China, revealing a vast array of theoretical materials and astounding historical developments. Encompassing extensive translations of relevant portions of theoretical military manuals previously unknown in the West (such as theT'ai-pai Yin-ching, Hu-ling Ching, and Ping-fa Pai-yen), the book spans centuries to trace the development and expansion of agent concepts, insertion and control methods, recruitment, and covert practices such as assassination, subversion, and sexual entrapment and exploitation, going on to explore counter-intelligence and all aspects of military intelligence, including objectives, analysis and interpretation.ButThe Tao of Spycraftis more than an examination of military tactics, it also provides a thorough overview of the history of spies in China, emphasizing their early development, ruthless employment, and dramatic success in subverting famous generals, dooming states to extinction, and facilitating the rise of the first imperial dynasty known as the Ch'in. The cases discussed-particularly those exploiting women and sex-not only became part of China's general mindset over the ages, but coupled with the theoretical writings remain the basis for the study and teaching of contemporary spycraft methods and practices as the PRC trains and aggressively deploys thousands of agents throughout the world, including the United States.

Author Biography

Ralph D. Sawyer, one of America’s leading scholars in Chinese warfare, has worked extensively with major intelligence and defense agencies. After studying at MIT and Harvard and a brief stint of university teaching, Sawyer has spent the past thirty years lecturing and doing international consulting work focused on China.

Table of Contents

Chronology of Approximate Dynastic Periods xi(2)
Preface xiii
Part 1 Early History 3(120)
1 Early Records and the First Spies
3(24)
Yi Yin and Early History,
7(5)
China's Second Spy: The T'ai Kung,
12(8)
Tzu Kung
20(7)
2 The Spring and Autumn Period
27(58)
Time and Communications
28(2)
Terminology and Agents
30(7)
Diplomatic Missions
37(4)
The Hsing-jen
41(6)
The Mu, or Clandestine Shepherd
47(2)
Military Intelligence
49(1)
Defectors
50(8)
Covert and Subversive Practices
58(17)
Divination and Prognostication
75(2)
The Battle of Yen-ling
77(8)
3 The Warring States Period
85(38)
Agents and Intelligence
87(2)
Su Ch'in
89(3)
Military Intelligence
92(6)
Covert Practices
98(4)
Rumors and Estrangement Techniques
102(7)
Women, Sex, and Consorts,
109(2)
Lord of Hsin-ling, Prince of Wei
111(5)
Pivotal Role of Assassinations
116(7)
Part 2 Spycraft 123(104)
4 Fundamental Thrust
123(10)
Necessity for Intelligence and Agents
126(5)
Stress on Human Agency
131(2)
5 Nature and Theory of Agents
133(37)
Shih Tzu-mei's Lectures on "Employing Spies
143(13)
Expendable and Double Agents
156(11)
Other Agents
167(3)
6 Operations and Control
170(19)
Identifying and Recruiting Agents
178(7)
Operational Methods and Agent Control
185(4)
7 Secrecy and Countermeasures
189(38)
Communications,
196(5)
Concealment and Deception
201(15)
Counterintelligence
216(6)
Prisoners
222(5)
Part 3 Covert Activities 227(62)
8 Systematic Programs and Psychological Warfare
227(22)
King Kou-chien and the State of Yueh
232(11)
Later Contemplations
243(6)
9 Assassination and Other Techniques
249(40)
Beauty and Sex
261(7)
Consorts and Concubines
268(6)
Bribes and Estrangement Techniques
274(8)
Stealthy Methods
282(7)
4 Part 4 Theories of Evaluating and Intelligence 289(138)
10 Basic Theory and Issues
289(20)
Prejudices, Inclinations, and Interference
292(5)
Sources and Credibility
297(3)
Semblances and Doubt
300(2)
Doubt and the Military Perspective
302(4)
Other Issues and Perceptions
306(3)
11 Knowing Men
309(51)
Basic Problems and Questions
312(3)
Selecting Men
315(1)
Problematic Theory of Transparency
316(7)
Perceiver's Qualifications
323(2)
The Body as Naturally Expressive
325(1)
The Basic Principle
326(1)
Constancy
327(1)
Criteria for Evaluating
328(18)
Physiognomy
346(1)
Expressions and Postures
347(5)
Possibilities and Problems in Criteria
352(2)
Han Fei-tzu's Views
354(6)
12 Character, Archetypes, and Typology
360(17)
Somatotypes and Character
364(1)
Yin and Yang Somatotypes
365(2)
"The Offices of King Wen,"
367(10)
13 Intelligence Applications
377(11)
14 Political Intelligence
388(39)
Historical Episodes and Their Significance
389(10)
Political Evaluation in the Military Writings
399(3)
Political Intelligence in the Philosophical and Political Writings
402(9)
Signs of a Doomed State
411(9)
Steppe and Border Peoples
420(7)
5 Part 5 Military Intelligence 427(94)
15 Field Intelligence
427(40)
Concept of Timeliness
428(2)
Observation and Reconnaissance
430(7)
Active Probing Measures
437(2)
General Field Assessments
439(18)
The Role and Importance of Ch'i
457(6)
Commanders
463(4)
16 Classifications of Terrain
467(54)
Topography and Configurations of Terrain
469(13)
Configurations of Terrain in the Hu-ling Ching
482(3)
Mountains and Rivers
485(3)
Hsu Tung's Contrary Practices
488(3)
The Wu-ching Tsung-yao
491(19)
Evaluating and Targeting Cities
510(11)
Part 6 Prognostication, Divination, and Nonhuman Factors 521(28)
17 Historical Practices and Their Rejection
521(28)
Prognosticatory Systems in Military Practice
529(4)
Dust, Smoke, and Atmospheric Manifestations,
533(3)
Ch'i Theory and Representative Selections
536(13)
Notes 549(48)
Index 597

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