Swedish,9780415160483

Swedish

by ;
ISBN13: 9780415160483
ISBN10: 0415160480
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1997-08-01
Publisher(s): Routledge
List Price: $40.95

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Summary

Swedish: An Essential Grammaris a reference guide to the most important aspects of current Swedish as it is used by native speakers. It focuses on the real patterns of use in today's Swedish and is the ideal reference source for any learner or user of Swedish. Suitable for either independent study or for students in schools, colleges, universities and adult classes of all types, explanations are free from jargon and emphasis has been placed on the areas of Swedish that pose a particular challenge for English-language learners. Features include a detailed contents list, many tables and diagrams for extra clarity, a separate glossary of linguistic and grammatical terms and a detailed index that includes a variety of key Swedish and English words.

Table of Contents

Preface xii
Symbols and abbreviations used in the text xiii
Introduction 1(3)
Pronunciation
4(16)
Vowels
Stressed vowels and their pronunciation
4(2)
Pronunciation of unstressed vowels
6(1)
Vowel length
7(1)
Syllable length
8(1)
Consonants and consonant groups
s, z, c, sc
9(1)
j, gj, dj, hj, lj
9(1)
r, t, l, x, w
10(1)
g, k, sk
10(2)
ng, gn, kn, mn
12(1)
rs, rd, rt, rn, rl
12(1)
Omitting -d, -g, -t, -k, -l
13(3)
Omitting -e
16(1)
Voiced consonants pronounced unvoiced before -s, -t
16(1)
Written and spoken forms of some common words
17(2)
Assimilation
19(1)
Stress and Accent
20(6)
Sentence stress
20(1)
Word stress
21(1)
Accent
22(1)
Functions of accent 1/accent 2
22(1)
Rules for accent 2
23(3)
Nouns
26(18)
Gender and noun type
Gender
26(1)
Gender rules
26(1)
Types of noun
27(1)
Indefinite declension
Indefinite forms
28(1)
Plurals
28(1)
Plurals - predictability
29(2)
Plural forms
Plurals in -or (First declension)
31(1)
Plurals in -ar (Second declension)
32(1)
Plurals in -er (Third declension)
32(1)
Plurals in -r (Third declension)
33(1)
Plurals in -n (Fourth declension)
34(1)
Plurals in -zero (No plural ending, Fifth declension)
34(1)
Plurals in -s
35(1)
Plurals in -a
35(1)
Nouns with no plural form
35(1)
Differences between Swedish and English number
Differences in number
36(1)
Definite declension
Forms with end article singular
36(2)
Forms with end article plural
38(1)
Article use
End article in Swedish, no article in English
39(1)
End article in Swedish, indefinite article in English
40(1)
No article in Swedish, definite article in English
40(1)
No article in Swedish, indefinite article in English
40(1)
End article in Swedish, possessive pronoun in English
41(1)
Article use with demonstrative pronouns
41(1)
No article after the possessive
42(1)
Genitives
The genitive
42(2)
Adjectives
44(19)
Adjectives in outline
44(1)
Indefinite declension
Indefinite forms - regular
45(1)
Indefinite forms - variations
45(1)
Indeclinable adjectives
46(1)
Indefinite constructions
47(1)
Agreement and lack of agreement
48(1)
Definite declension
Definite form of the adjective: -e or -a?
49(1)
Definite construction Type 1 - den nya bilen
50(1)
Definite construction Type 2 - firmans nya bil
50(1)
Definite construction Type 3 - svenska spraket
51(2)
Definite construction Type 4 - forsta klass
53(1)
Definite constructions - summary chart
53(1)
Adjectival nouns and nationality words
Adjectival nouns
54(2)
Nationality words
56(1)
Comparison of adjectives
Comparison with -are, -ast
57(1)
Comparison with -re, -st
58(1)
Irregular comparison
59(1)
Comparison with mer, mest
59(1)
Comparison (indefinite) - summary chart
60(1)
Comparison (indefinite and definite)
60(1)
Use of comparatives and superlatives
61(2)
Pronouns
63(14)
Personal and reflexive pronouns - form
63(1)
Use of personal pronouns
63(3)
Reflexive pronouns
66(1)
Sjalv
66(1)
Possessive pronouns
66(2)
Non-reflexive and reflexive possessives: hans or sin?
68(1)
Forms of address
69(1)
Demonstrative pronouns
70(1)
Determinative pronouns
71(1)
Relative pronouns
72(1)
Interrogative pronouns (v-words)
73(1)
Indefinite pronouns
74(3)
Numerals
77(5)
Cardinal and ordinal numbers
77(1)
Major uses of cardinal and ordinal numbers
78(2)
Time by the clock
80(2)
Verbs
82(31)
Verb forms in outline
82(1)
The four conjugations
First conjugation
83(1)
Irregular verbs of the first conjugation
83(1)
Second conjugation
83(2)
Irregular verbs of the second conjugation
85(1)
Third conjugation
86(1)
Irregular verbs of the third conjugation
86(1)
Fourth conjugation: introduction
87(1)
Fourth conjugation: gradation series i - e - i
87(1)
Fourth conjugation: gradation series series y/(j)u - o - u
88(1)
Fourth conjugation: gradation series i - a - u
89(1)
Fourth conjugation: gradation series a - o - a
90(1)
Fourth conjugation: gradation series a - a - u
90(1)
Fourth conjugation: minor gradation series (mixed)
90(1)
Participles and supine
Supine and past participle forms
91(1)
Use of the supine and past participle
91(1)
Present participle
92(1)
Translating verbs
Some problems in translating English verbs
93(1)
Translating the English verb `to be'
94(2)
The use of the infinitive and different verbal constructions
Infinitive - verbal use
96(1)
Infinitive - nominal use
97(1)
Use of the infinitive in English and Swedish
97(1)
Translating `-ing' forms
98(1)
Present tense
98(1)
Past tense
99(1)
Perfect tense
100(1)
Pluperfect tense
100(1)
Future tense
101(1)
Mood and modal verbs
102(1)
Use of modal verbs
102(2)
Subjunctive
104(1)
Imperative
104(1)
Transitive, intransitive and reflexive verbs
105(1)
S-forms
106(1)
Uses of s-forms
106(1)
Passive
107(3)
Compound verbs
110(3)
Adverbs
113(8)
Forms of adverbs
113(1)
Use of adverbs
114(1)
Adverbs indicating location and motion
115(2)
Some difficult adverbs
117(4)
Interjections
121(2)
Interjections
121(2)
Prepositions
123(17)
Prepositions - introduction
123(1)
The most common Swedish prepositions
124(2)
av
126(1)
fran
127(1)
for
127(1)
I
128(1)
med
129(1)
om
129(1)
pa
130(1)
till
131(1)
under
132(1)
vid
132(1)
Translating prepositions
Some common English prepositions and their Swedish equivalents
133(1)
Translating `in, on, at' etc. as expressions of time
133(3)
Prepositions in expressions of time - summary
136(1)
Translating `in, on, at' etc. as expressions of place
137(1)
Translating `of'
138(2)
Conjunctions
140(5)
Coordinating conjunctions
140(1)
Subordinating conjunctions
140(2)
Other subordinators
142(1)
Some problem conjuntions
142(3)
Word order and Sentence Structure
145(22)
Word classes and sentence elements
145(1)
Sentence types
145(1)
Main clause structure
146(1)
Link position
147(1)
Extra positions
148(1)
Main clause positions (sentence elements)
Subject and formal subject
148(1)
Finite verb
149(1)
Non-finite verb
149(1)
Clausal adverbial
149(1)
Other adverbials
150(1)
Objects and complements
151(1)
Verb particle
152(1)
Passive agent
152(1)
Main clause structure - an extended positional scheme with examples
153(1)
Moving elements within the main clause
Topicalization
154(1)
Weight principle
155(1)
Adverbial shift
156(1)
Unstressed objects
157(1)
Position of inte
157(1)
Passive transformation
158(1)
Existential sentence
158(1)
Cleft sentence
159(1)
Subordinate clauses
Subordinate clause as an element in the main clause sentence
160(1)
Subordinate clause structure
161(2)
Three types of subordinate clause with main clause structure
163(1)
Differences between Swedish and English word order
Major word order and sentence structure problems - summary
164(3)
Word Formation
167(8)
Compounding
167(1)
Affixation
168(2)
Abbreviation
170(1)
List of common abbreviations
171(4)
Orthography
175(3)
Small or capital letter?
175(1)
Spelling of words ending in -m, -n
176(2)
Punctuation
178(3)
The comma
178(1)
The full stop
179(1)
The exclamation mark
179(1)
The apostrophe
179(1)
Direct speech conventions
180(1)
The hyphen
180(1)
Written and Spoken Swedish
181(4)
Words frequently omitted in spoken Swedish
181(1)
Words and constructions frequently inserted in spoken Swedish
181(1)
Words usually found only in written Swedish
182(3)
Linguistic terms 185(6)
Short bibliography 191(1)
Index 192

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