Preface |
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xii | |
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Introduction to Social Psychology |
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1 | (25) |
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2 | (1) |
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What Is Social Psychology? |
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3 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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Core Concerns of Social Psychology |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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Theoretical Perspectives in Social Psychology |
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5 | (17) |
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8 | (3) |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (2) |
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Symbolic Interaction Theory |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (2) |
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A Comparison of Perspectives |
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20 | (2) |
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Is Social Psychology a Science? |
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22 | (2) |
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Characteristics of Science |
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22 | (1) |
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Social Psychology as a Science |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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25 | (1) |
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Research Methods in Social Psychology |
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26 | (26) |
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27 | (1) |
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Questions About Research Methods |
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27 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Empirical Research |
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27 | (2) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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29 | (18) |
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30 | (7) |
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Field Studies and Naturalistic Observation |
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37 | (2) |
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Archival Research and Content Analysis |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (4) |
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Comparison of Research Methods |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Research in Diverse Populations |
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47 | (1) |
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Ethical Issues in Social Psychological Research |
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48 | (3) |
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Potential Sources of Harm |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (30) |
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53 | (1) |
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Perspectives on Socialization |
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54 | (3) |
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The Developmental Perspective |
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54 | (1) |
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The Social Learning Perspective |
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55 | (1) |
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The Interpretive Perspective |
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56 | (1) |
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The Impact of Social Structure |
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57 | (1) |
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Agents of Childhood Socialization |
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57 | (8) |
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57 | (6) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Processes of Socialization |
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65 | (4) |
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Instrumental Conditioning |
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65 | (3) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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Outcomes of Socialization |
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69 | (9) |
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69 | (2) |
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Linguistic and Cognitive Competence |
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71 | (3) |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (2) |
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78 | (1) |
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Anticipatory Socialization |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (26) |
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83 | (2) |
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The Nature and Genesis of Self |
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85 | (4) |
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The Self as Source and Object of Action |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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The Social Origins of Self |
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87 | (2) |
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Identities: The Self We Know |
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89 | (4) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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Research on Self-Concept Formation |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (1) |
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Identities: The Self We Enact |
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93 | (5) |
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93 | (2) |
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Choosing an Identity to Enact |
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95 | (2) |
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Identities as Sources of Consistency |
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97 | (1) |
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The Self in Thought and Feeling |
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98 | (3) |
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99 | (1) |
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Effects of Self-Awareness |
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99 | (1) |
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Effects of Self-Discrepancies |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (5) |
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Assessment of Self-Esteem |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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107 | (1) |
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Social Perception and Cognition |
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108 | (33) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (4) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (2) |
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Schemas as Cultural Elements |
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114 | (1) |
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Person Schemas and Group Stereotypes |
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114 | (8) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (6) |
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122 | (12) |
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122 | (1) |
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Integrating Information About Others |
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123 | (2) |
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Impressions as Self-Fulfilling Prophecies |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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Dispositional Versus Situational Attributions |
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127 | (1) |
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Inferring Dispositions From Acts |
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128 | (3) |
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Covariation Model of Attribution |
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131 | (1) |
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Attributions for Success and Failure |
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132 | (2) |
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Bias and Error in Attribution |
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134 | (4) |
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Overattribution to Dispositions |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Actor-Observer Difference |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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Cultural Basis of Attributions |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (24) |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (2) |
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The Components of an Attitude |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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The Functions of Attitudes |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (8) |
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147 | (2) |
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Theory of Cognitive Dissonance |
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149 | (2) |
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Is Consistency Inevitable? |
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151 | (3) |
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The Relationship Between Attitudes and Behavior |
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154 | (7) |
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Do Attitudes Predict Behavior? |
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154 | (1) |
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Activation of the Attitude |
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154 | (1) |
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Characteristics of the Attitude |
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155 | (2) |
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Attitude-Behavior Correspondence |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (2) |
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The Reasoned Action Model |
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161 | (3) |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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164 | (1) |
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Symbolic Communication and Language |
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165 | (31) |
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166 | (1) |
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Language and Verbal Communication |
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166 | (9) |
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167 | (1) |
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The Encoder-Decoder Model |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (2) |
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The Perspective-Taking Model |
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172 | (3) |
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175 | (5) |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication |
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175 | (2) |
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177 | (1) |
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Combining Nonverbal and Verbal Communication |
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178 | (2) |
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Social Structure and Communication |
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180 | (8) |
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180 | (1) |
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Social Stratification and Speech Style |
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181 | (4) |
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Communicating Status and Intimacy |
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185 | (3) |
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Normative Distances for Interaction |
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188 | (2) |
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188 | (2) |
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190 | (4) |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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Feedback and Coordination |
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192 | (2) |
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194 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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195 | (1) |
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Social Influence and Persuasion |
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196 | (29) |
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197 | (1) |
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Forms of Social Influence |
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197 | (1) |
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Attitude Change via Persuasion |
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198 | (12) |
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Processing Persuasive Messages |
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198 | (1) |
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Communication-Persuasion Paradigm |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (5) |
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208 | (2) |
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Compliance with Threats and Promises |
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210 | (7) |
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Effectiveness of Threats and Promises |
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211 | (4) |
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Problems in Using Threats and Promises |
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215 | (1) |
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Bilateral Threat and Negotiation |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (4) |
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Experimental Study of Obedience |
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218 | (2) |
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Factors Affecting Obedience to Authority |
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220 | (1) |
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Resisting Influence and Persuasion |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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224 | (1) |
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Self-Presentation and Impression Management |
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225 | (25) |
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226 | (1) |
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Self-Presentation in Everyday Life |
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227 | (3) |
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Definition of the Situation |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (1) |
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Tactical Impression Management |
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230 | (7) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (3) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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The Downside of Self-Presentation |
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237 | (2) |
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Self-Presentation May Be Hazardous to Your Health |
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238 | (1) |
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Deception May Be Hazardous to Your Relationships |
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239 | (1) |
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Detecting Deceptive Impression Management |
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239 | (3) |
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239 | (1) |
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Nonverbal Cues of Deception |
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240 | (2) |
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Ineffective Self-Presentation and Spoiled Identities |
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242 | (6) |
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Embarrassment and Saving Face |
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242 | (2) |
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Cooling-Out and Identity Degradation |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (3) |
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248 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (23) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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Classical Ideas About the Origins of Emotion |
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252 | (1) |
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Universal Emotions and Facial Expressions |
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253 | (7) |
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Facial Expressions of Emotion |
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253 | (4) |
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Cultural Differences in Basic Emotions and Emotional Display |
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257 | (3) |
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260 | (12) |
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Cognitive Labeling Theory |
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261 | (3) |
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264 | (6) |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (26) |
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274 | (1) |
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Motivation to Help Others |
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275 | (4) |
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Egoism and Cost-Reward Motivation |
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275 | (1) |
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Altruism and Empathic Concern |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (2) |
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Characteristics of the Needy That Foster Helping |
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279 | (3) |
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Acquaintanceship and Liking |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (2) |
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Normative Factors in Helping |
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282 | (3) |
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Norms of Responsibility and Reciprocity |
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282 | (1) |
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Personal Norms and Helping |
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283 | (2) |
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Personal and Situational Factors in Helping |
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285 | (3) |
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285 | (1) |
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Gender Differences in Helping |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (2) |
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288 | (1) |
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Bystander Intervention in Emergency Situations |
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288 | (7) |
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The Decision to Intervene |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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Costs and Emergency Intervention |
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292 | (3) |
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Seeking and Receiving Help |
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295 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (26) |
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300 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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Aggression and the Motivation to Harm |
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300 | (4) |
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301 | (1) |
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Frustration-Aggression Hypothesis |
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301 | (2) |
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Aversive Emotional Arousal |
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303 | (1) |
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Social Learning and Aggression |
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304 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Targets That Affect Aggression |
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304 | (5) |
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305 | (3) |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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Situational Impacts on Aggression |
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309 | (3) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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Reducing Aggressive Behavior |
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312 | (3) |
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312 | (1) |
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Punishment to Suppress Aggression |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (2) |
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315 | (9) |
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315 | (4) |
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319 | (1) |
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Media Violence and Aggression |
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320 | (4) |
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324 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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324 | (1) |
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Interpersonal Attraction and Relationships |
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325 | (29) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (2) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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328 | (1) |
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329 | (6) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (3) |
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333 | (2) |
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The Determinants of Liking |
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335 | (3) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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The Growth of Relationships |
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338 | (5) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (2) |
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343 | (4) |
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343 | (1) |
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343 | (2) |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (2) |
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347 | (5) |
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347 | (1) |
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Unequal Outcomes and Instability |
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347 | (2) |
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Differential Commitment and Dissolution |
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349 | (1) |
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Responses to Dissatisfaction |
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350 | (2) |
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352 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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353 | (1) |
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Group Cohesion and Conformity |
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354 | (24) |
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355 | (1) |
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355 | (5) |
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355 | (3) |
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Group Structure and Goals |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (2) |
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360 | (5) |
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360 | (1) |
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361 | (2) |
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Expectation States Theory |
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363 | (1) |
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Overcoming Status Generalization |
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364 | (1) |
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Conformity to Group Norms |
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365 | (9) |
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365 | (3) |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (2) |
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371 | (3) |
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Minority Influence in Groups |
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374 | (2) |
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Effectiveness of Minority Influence |
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374 | (1) |
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Differences Between Minority and Majority Influence |
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375 | (1) |
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376 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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377 | (1) |
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Group Structure and Performance |
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378 | (30) |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (7) |
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Endorsement of Formal Leaders |
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381 | (1) |
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Revolutionary and Conservative Coalitions |
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382 | (1) |
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383 | (1) |
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Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness |
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383 | (4) |
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Productivity and Performance |
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387 | (6) |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (4) |
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392 | (1) |
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Reward Distribution and Equity |
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393 | (5) |
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Principles Used in Reward Distribution |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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395 | (2) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (2) |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (6) |
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400 | (4) |
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Risky Shift, Cautious Shift, and Group Polarization |
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404 | (2) |
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406 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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407 | (1) |
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408 | (24) |
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409 | (2) |
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410 | (1) |
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Development of Intergroup Conflict |
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411 | (5) |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (3) |
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Aversive Events and Escalation |
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415 | (1) |
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Persistence of Intergroup Conflict |
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416 | (5) |
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Biased Perception of the Out-Group |
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417 | (3) |
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Changes in Relations Between Conflicting Groups |
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420 | (1) |
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Impact of Conflict on Within-Group Processes |
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421 | (3) |
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421 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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422 | (2) |
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Resolution of Intergroup Conflict |
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424 | (6) |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (1) |
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Mediation and Third-Party Intervention |
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426 | (3) |
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Unilateral Conciliatory Initiatives |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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431 | (1) |
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Life Course and Gender Roles |
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432 | (29) |
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433 | (1) |
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Components of the Life Course |
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434 | (1) |
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434 | (1) |
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Identities and Self-Esteem |
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434 | (1) |
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435 | (1) |
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Influences on Life Course Progression |
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435 | (4) |
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435 | (1) |
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436 | (1) |
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Historical Trends and Events |
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437 | (2) |
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Stages in the Life Course: Age and Gender Roles |
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439 | (16) |
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Stage I: Achieving Independence |
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440 | (2) |
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Stage II: Balancing Family and Work Commitments |
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442 | (7) |
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Stage III: Performing Adult Roles |
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449 | (2) |
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Stage IV: Coping with Loss |
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451 | (4) |
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455 | (4) |
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Women's Work: Gender Role Attitudes and Behavior |
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455 | (2) |
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457 | (2) |
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459 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
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460 | (1) |
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Social Structure and Personality |
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461 | (32) |
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462 | (1) |
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463 | (8) |
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463 | (2) |
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Intergenerational Mobility |
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465 | (6) |
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471 | (1) |
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471 | (3) |
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473 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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Social Influences on Health |
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474 | (14) |
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475 | (4) |
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479 | (9) |
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488 | (3) |
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488 | (2) |
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490 | (1) |
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491 | (1) |
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List of Key Terms and Concepts |
|
|
492 | (1) |
|
Deviant Behavior and Social Reaction |
|
|
493 | (31) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
494 | (9) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
495 | (3) |
|
|
498 | (3) |
|
Differential Association Theory |
|
|
501 | (2) |
|
Routine Activities Perspective |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Reactions to Norm Violations |
|
|
503 | (7) |
|
Reactions to Rule Breaking |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Determinants of the Reaction |
|
|
506 | (3) |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
Labeling and Secondary Deviance |
|
|
510 | (4) |
|
|
510 | (3) |
|
|
513 | (1) |
|
|
514 | (8) |
|
Formal Labeling and the Creation of Deviance |
|
|
515 | (6) |
|
Long-Term Effects of Formal Labeling |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
List of Key Terms and Concepts |
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
Collective Behavior and Social Movements |
|
|
524 | (29) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (15) |
|
|
526 | (4) |
|
|
530 | (2) |
|
Underlying Causes of Collective Behavior |
|
|
532 | (3) |
|
|
535 | (1) |
|
Empirical Studies of Riots |
|
|
536 | (4) |
|
|
540 | (12) |
|
The Development of a Movement |
|
|
541 | (4) |
|
Social Movement Organizations |
|
|
545 | (6) |
|
The Consequences of Social Movements |
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
List of Key Terms and Concepts |
|
|
552 | (1) |
Glossary |
|
553 | (14) |
References |
|
567 | (84) |
Credits |
|
651 | (2) |
Name Index |
|
653 | (22) |
Subject Index |
|
675 | |