| Preface |
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xv | |
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1 Small Groups: Power, Definition, and Attraction |
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1 | (24) |
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3 | (1) |
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Defining Small Group Communication |
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4 | (2) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (3) |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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Commitment to Group Goals and Activities |
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8 | (1) |
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Assignment by Someone Else |
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9 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Small Groups |
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9 | (2) |
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Interdependence and Interactivity |
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9 | (1) |
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Exponential Number of Interactions |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Small Group Communication |
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11 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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Examples from the Automotive Industry |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (3) |
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23 | (2) |
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2 Groups as Systems of Interaction |
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25 | (21) |
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Understanding Small Group Success |
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26 | (2) |
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Communication in Small Groups |
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28 | (1) |
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A Systems Approach to Small Group Communication |
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29 | (11) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (5) |
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35 | (5) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (4) |
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45 | (1) |
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3 Norms, Roles, Cohesiveness, and Groupthink |
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46 | (20) |
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47 | (4) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (4) |
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51 | (3) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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Influences on Cohesiveness |
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55 | (1) |
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Consequences of Cohesiveness |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (4) |
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64 | (2) |
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4 Four Phases of Group Development: Forming, Storming, Norming, and Performing |
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66 | (23) |
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Forming: Hello, Orientation, and Inclusion |
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69 | (2) |
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Storming: Conflict in Groups |
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71 | (3) |
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Norming: Emergence as a Group |
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74 | (1) |
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Performing: Making Decisions and Solving Problems |
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74 | (2) |
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76 | (1) |
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Usefulness of the Phase Model |
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77 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (2) |
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79 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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Primary and Secondary Tensions |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (6) |
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88 | (1) |
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5 Diversity in Groups: The Strength of Different Perspectives |
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89 | (20) |
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Defining Diversity and Its Place in Small Groups |
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90 | (1) |
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Assumptions and Stereotyping |
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91 | (2) |
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93 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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Diversity in Small Groups and Teams |
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95 | (3) |
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Group Commitment and Consensus |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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Making Diverse Groups Work |
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98 | (3) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (3) |
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6 Verbal and Nonverbal Communication |
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109 | (24) |
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Functions of Verbal Communication |
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111 | (3) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Narratives and Group Fantasies |
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112 | (2) |
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Structures of Meaning in Verbal Communication |
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114 | (3) |
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Denotative and Connotative Meaning |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (9) |
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Principles of Nonverbal Communication |
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118 | (2) |
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Types of Nonverbal Communication |
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120 | (4) |
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124 | (2) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (4) |
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131 | (2) |
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7 Listening and Feedback: The Other Half of Communication |
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133 | (20) |
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136 | (1) |
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The Four Components of Listening |
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137 | (4) |
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Sensing (Hearing the Message) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (1) |
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Evaluating the Message Content |
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140 | (1) |
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Memory: Retaining and Responding to the Message |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (4) |
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Barriers to Active Listening |
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142 | (2) |
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Active Listening Response Methods |
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144 | (1) |
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Feedback: Responding to the Message |
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145 | (3) |
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Providing Constructive Feedback |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (18) |
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The Scope of Employee Involvement Programs |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (8) |
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158 | (3) |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (4) |
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169 | (2) |
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9 Decision Making and Problem Solving |
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171 | (25) |
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Decision Making and Problem Solving |
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172 | (2) |
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The Stages of Decision Making and Problem Solving |
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174 | (8) |
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174 | (2) |
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Constraints in the Context of Goals |
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176 | (1) |
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Searching Out Alternatives |
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177 | (2) |
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179 | (1) |
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Implementing the Decision |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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Patterns of Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Groups |
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182 | (2) |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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The Decision-Making and Problem-Solving Process |
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184 | (6) |
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Problem Identification and Information Gathering |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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Implementing the Decision |
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188 | (2) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (3) |
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194 | (2) |
| 10 Creativity in the Small Group Process |
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196 | (22) |
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197 | (2) |
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Creativity Means a New Way of Looking |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (4) |
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200 | (3) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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Techniques for Encouraging Creativity |
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204 | (4) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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Association and Metaphors |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Solving Problems Creatively |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (3) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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Gibb's Communication Climate Comparisons |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (3) |
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216 | (2) |
| 11 Group Process and Presentation Techniques |
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218 | (25) |
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220 | (1) |
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Creative Decision-Making Techniques |
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221 | (6) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (5) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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228 | (4) |
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232 | (1) |
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PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) |
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233 | (1) |
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How These Techniques Are Used |
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233 | (2) |
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Small Group Presentational Formats |
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235 | (2) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (2) |
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241 | (2) |
| 12 Productive Conflict Management |
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243 | (26) |
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Defining Conflict within a Communication Context |
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245 | (3) |
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245 | (1) |
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Conflict within Small Groups |
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246 | (1) |
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The Substance of Conflict |
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247 | (1) |
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Patterns of Conflict Management |
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248 | (7) |
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Collaboration (and Consensus) |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (1) |
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255 | (4) |
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256 | (1) |
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Interpersonal Linkage Power |
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256 | (1) |
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Reward and Punishment Power |
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257 | (1) |
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Positional (Legitimate) Power |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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Charismatic (or Personal) Power |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (2) |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (5) |
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267 | (2) |
| 13 Leadership in Small Groups |
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269 | (26) |
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271 | (1) |
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Leadership as a Function in a System |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (7) |
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Managerial Leadership Grid Theory |
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273 | (3) |
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Transactional and Transformational Theories |
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276 | (1) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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Three Characteristics of Leaders |
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279 | (2) |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (3) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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Shared (Facilitative) Leadership |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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Influences on Group Leadership |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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Interdependence of Group Members |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (2) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (3) |
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293 | (2) |
| 14 Observing and Evaluating a Small Group |
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295 | (20) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (11) |
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298 | (5) |
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Postmeeting Reaction Forms |
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303 | (5) |
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Observer Feedback Guidelines |
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308 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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Verbal Interaction and Content Analyses |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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311 | (3) |
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314 | (1) |
| 15 Computer Mediated |
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315 | (1) |
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Understanding the Technology and Its Influences on Small Group Communication |
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316 | (10) |
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The Importance of Understanding Influential Undercurrents |
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317 | (1) |
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Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) |
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318 | (2) |
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Performance Outcomes of CMC Groups |
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320 | (1) |
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Electronic Meeting Systems |
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320 | (6) |
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Undercurrents of the Communication Medium |
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326 | (5) |
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326 | (4) |
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Some Effects of CMC Undercurrents on Group Processes |
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330 | (1) |
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Choosing a Medium for the Effective Use of CMC |
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331 | (3) |
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Choosing a Medium for the Communication Task |
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331 | (1) |
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Finding a Language Demand-Technology Fit |
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332 | (1) |
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Matching Media Richness to the Communication Function |
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333 | (1) |
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Adopting Effective Group Communication Strategies for CMC |
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334 | (2) |
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Facilitating Effective CMC Group Communication |
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334 | (2) |
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Leading a CMC Group Meeting |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (3) |
| Appendix: Gathering, Organizing, Processing, and Presenting Information as a Team |
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342 | (7) |
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342 | (1) |
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342 | (1) |
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III. Process the Information |
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343 | (2) |
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IV. Organize the Information for Presentation |
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345 | (2) |
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347 | (2) |
| Index |
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349 | |