Separation Anxiety and Anger,9780465097166

Separation Anxiety and Anger

by
ISBN13: 9780465097166
ISBN10: 0465097162
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1976-12-21
Publisher(s): Basic Books
List Price: $28.79

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Summary

The experience of separation and the ensuing susceptibility to anxiety, anger, and fear constitute the flip side of the attachment phenomenon. In an authoritative new foreword to Bowlby's classic study, Stephen Mitchell (who gives resonant voice to the relational perspective in psychoanalysis) bridges the distance between attachment theory and the psychoanalytic tradition.

Author Biography

John Bowlby is honorary staff member of the Tavistock Clinic in London.

Table of Contents

Foreword vii
Preface xi
Acknowledgements xvii
PART I SECURITY, ANXIETY, AND DISTRESS
Prototypes of Human Sorrow
3(22)
Responses of young children to separation from mother
3(3)
Conditions leading to intense responses
6(10)
Conditions mitigating the intensity of responses
16(6)
Presence or absence of mother figure: a key variable
22(3)
The Place of Separation and Loss in Psychopathology
25(8)
Problem and perspective
25(5)
Separation anxiety and other forms of anxiety
30(1)
A challenge for theory
30(3)
Behaviour with and without Mother: Humans
33(24)
Naturalistic observations
33(6)
Experimental Studies
39(13)
Ontogeny of responses to separation
52(5)
Behaviour with and without Mother: Non-human Primates
57(20)
Naturalistic observations
57(3)
Early experimental studies
60(9)
Further studies by Hinde and Spencer-Booth
69(8)
PART II AN ETHOLOGICAL APPROACH TO HUMAN FEAR
Basic Postulates in Theories of Anxiety and Fear
77(10)
Anxiety allied to fear
77(2)
Models of motivation and their effects on theory
79(4)
Puzzling phobia or natural fear
83(4)
Forms of Behaviour Indicative of Fear
87(9)
An empirical approach
87(2)
Withdrawal behaviour and attachment behaviour
89(3)
Feeling afraid and its variants: feeling alarmed and feeling anxious
92(4)
Situations that Arouse Fear in Humans
96(28)
A difficult field of study
96(3)
Fear-arousing situations: the first year
99(6)
Fear-arousing situations: the second and later years
105(13)
Compound situations
118(1)
Fear behaviour and the development of attachment
119(5)
Situations that Arouse Fear in Animals
124(14)
Natural clues to potential danger
124(3)
Fear behaviour of non-human primates
127(7)
Compound situations
134(2)
Fear, attack, and exploration
136(2)
Natural Clues to Danger and Safety
138(13)
Better safe than sorry
138(4)
Potential danger of being alone
142(4)
Potential safety of familiar companions and environment
146(2)
Maintaining a stable relationship with the familiar environment: a form of homeostasis
148(3)
Natural Clues, Cultural Clues, and the Assessment of Danger
151(18)
Clues of three kinds
151(2)
Real danger: difficulties of assessment
153(3)
`Imaginary' dangers
156(2)
Cultural clues learnt from others
158(3)
Continuing role of the natural clues
161(5)
Behaviour in disaster
166(3)
Rationalization, Misattribution, and Projection
169(9)
Difficulties in identifying situations that arouse fear
169(3)
Misattribution and the role of projection
172(2)
The case of Schreber: a re-examination
174(4)
Fear of Separation
178(9)
Hypotheses regarding its development
178(4)
Need for two terminologies
182(5)
PART III INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN SUSCEPTIBILITY TO FEAR: ANXIOUS ATTACHMENT
Some Variables responsible for Individual Differences
187(14)
Constitutional variables
187(4)
Experiences and processes that reduce susceptibility to fear
191(5)
Experiences and processes that increase susceptibility to fear
196(5)
Susceptibility to Fear and the Availability of Attachment Figures
201(10)
Forecasting the availability of an attachment figure
201(2)
Working models of attachment figures and of self
203(4)
The role of experience in determining working models
207(2)
A note on use of the terms `mature' and `immature'
209(2)
Anxious Attachment and Some Conditions that Promote it
211(26)
`Overdependency' or anxious attachment
211(4)
Anxious attachment of children reared without a permanent mother figure
215(5)
Anxious attachment after a period of separation or of daily substitute care
220(6)
Anxious attachment following threats of abandonment or suicide
226(11)
`Overdependency' and the Theory of Spoiling
237(8)
Some contrasting theories
237(3)
Studies of `overdependency' and its antecedents
240(5)
Anger, Anxiety, and Attachment
245(13)
Anger: a response to separation
245(1)
Anger: functional and dysfunctional
246(7)
Anger, ambivalence, and anxiety
253(5)
Anxious Attachment and the `Phobias' of Childhood
258(34)
Phobia, pseudophobia, and anxiety state
258(3)
`School phobia' or school refusal
261(22)
Two classical cases of childhood phobia: a reappraisal
283(6)
Animal phobias in childhood
289(3)
Anxious Attachment and `Agoraphobia'
292(21)
Symptomatology and theories of `Agoraphobia'
292(7)
Pathogenic patterns of family interaction
299(10)
`Agoraphobia', bereavement, and depression
309(1)
A note on response to treatment
310(3)
Omission, Suppression, and Falsification of Family Context
313(9)
Secure Attachment and the Growth of Self-reliance
322(41)
Personality development and family experience
322(6)
Studies of adolescents and young adults
328(22)
Studies of young children
350(9)
Self-reliance and reliance on others
359(4)
Pathways for the Growth of Personality
363(46)
The nature of individual variation: alternative models
363(3)
Developmental pathways and homeorhesis
366(3)
One person's pathway: some determinants
369(6)
APPENDICES
I Separation Anxiety: Review of Literature
375(24)
II Psychoanalysis and Evolution Theory
399(5)
III Problems of Terminology
404(5)
Additional Notes 409(6)
References 415(21)
Additional References 436(3)
Index 439

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