Can scientific explanation ever make reference to God or the supernatural? The present consensus is no; indeed, a naturalistic stance is usually taken to be a distinguishing feature of modern science. Some would go further still, maintaining that the success of scientific explanation actually provides compelling evidence that there are no supernatural entities, and that true science, from the very beginning, was opposed to religious thinking. Science without God? Rethinking the History of Scientific Naturalism shows that the history of Western science presents us with a more nuanced picture. Beginning with the naturalists of ancient Greece, and proceeding through the middle ages, the scientific revolution, and into the nineteenth century, the contributors examine past ideas about 'nature' and 'the supernatural'. Ranging over different scientific disciplines and historical periods, they show how past thinkers often relied upon theological ideas and presuppositions in their systematic investigations of the world. In addition to providing material that contributes to a history of 'nature' and naturalism, this collection challenges a number of widely held misconceptions about the history of scientific naturalism.

Peter Harrison, Australian Laureate Fellow; Director, Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities, University of Queensland,Jon H. Roberts, Tomorrow Professor of History, Boston University

Peter Harrison is an Australian Laureate Fellow and Director of the Institute for Advanced Studies in the Humanities at the University of Queensland. He is the former Idreos Professor of Science and Religion at the University of Oxford. He has published extensively in the field of intellectual history with a focus on the relations between science and religion. His publications include The Bible, Protestantism and the Rise of Natural Science (1998) and The Territories of Science and Religion (2015).

Jon H. Roberts is the Tomorrow Foundation Professor of History at Boston University. He has written a number of articles dealing primarily with the history of the relationship between science and religion, as well as the book Darwinism and the Divine in America: Protestant Intellectuals and Organic Evolution, 1859-1900, which received the Frank S. and Elizabeth D. Brewer Prize from the American Society of Church History. He has also co-authored with James Turner The Sacred and the Secular University (2001).

List of contributors
Introduction, Peter Harrison
1. All Things are Full of Gods: Naturalism in the Classical World, Daryn Lehoux
2. Naturalist Tendencies in Medieval Science, Michael H. Shank
3. Laws of God or Laws of Nature? Natural Order in the Early Modern Period, Peter Harrison
4. Between Newton and Newtonianism: Posing the 'God Question' in the Eighteenth-Century, J. B. Shank
5. God and the Uniformity of Nature: The Case of Nineteenth-Century Physics, Matthew Stanley
6. Chemistry with and without God, John Hedley Brooke
7. Removing God from Biology, Michael Ruse
8. Christian Materialism and the Prospect of Immortality, Michelle Pfeffer
9. The Science of the Soul: Naturalising the Mind in Great Britain and North America, Jon H. Roberts
10. Down to Earth: Untangling the Secular from the Sacred in Late-Modern Geology, Nicolaas Rupke
11. Naturalising the Bible: The Shifting Role of the Biblical Account of Nature, Scott Gerard Prinster
12. Anthropology and Original Sin: Naturalizing Religion, Theorizing the Primitive, Constance Clark
13. The Theology of Victorian Scientific Naturalists, Bernard Lightman