Projecting the Adjective: The Syntax and Semantics of Gradability and Comparison

by
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 1999-03-01
Publisher(s): Routledge
List Price: $165.00

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Summary

Argues that gradable adjectives -- like bright, dense, and short -- denote measure functions, that is functions from objects to abstract representations of measurement, or scales and degrees. Shows how that notion can provide a foundation for principled explanations of a wide range of syntactic and semantic properties of gradable adjectives and the constructions in which they appear, ranging from the syntactic distribution of gradable adjectives to the scopal characteristics of comparatives, and the empirical effects of adjectival polarity.

Table of Contents

Preface xi
Introduction xiii
Acknowledgments xix
Gradable Adjectives
3(80)
The Semantic Characteristics of Gradable Adjectives
4(19)
Vagueness
4(8)
Indeterminacy and the Dimensional Parameter
12(3)
Incommensurability
15(2)
Polarity
17(5)
Summary
22(1)
The Vague Predicate Analysis
23(19)
Overview
23(4)
Comparatives
27(4)
Problems with the Vague Predicate Analysis
31(10)
Summary
41(1)
The Scalar Analysis
42(15)
Degree Arguments
43(2)
Comparatives
45(2)
Improving on the Vague Predicate Analysis
47(9)
Summary
56(1)
Comparatives and Scope
57(16)
Negation
59(2)
Distributive Quantifiers
61(4)
Intensional Contexts
65(3)
Summary
68(1)
Comparatives as Generalized Quantifiers
69(4)
Conclusion
73(10)
Notes to Chapter 1
74(9)
Projecting the Adjective
83(98)
Measure Functions and Degree Constructions
84(24)
Puzzles
84(4)
Identifying the Standard
88(3)
Measure Functions
91(4)
Degree Constructions
95(7)
Evaluation
102(3)
Historical Context
105(3)
The Extended Projection of A
108(5)
Absolute Constructions
113(12)
Overview
113(4)
Implicit Standards and Comparison Classes
117(8)
Comparatives
125(42)
Initial Observations and Questions
125(9)
Comparative Deletion
134(16)
Phrasal Comparatives
150(11)
The Phrasal/Clausal Distinction and the Scope of the Standard
161(2)
Comparatives with Less
163(1)
Comparative and Absolute
164(2)
Current Results and Future Directions
166(1)
Conclusion
167(14)
Notes to Chapter 2
170(11)
Polar Opposition and the Ontology of Comparison
181(46)
Comparison and Polar Opposition
182(26)
The Algebra of Degrees
182(1)
Degrees and Polar Opposition
183(4)
Cross-polar Anomaly
187(2)
On the Unavailability of an Incommensurability Explanation
189(2)
The Algebra of Extents
191(4)
Extents and Polar Opposition
195(3)
Cross-Polar Anomaly Revisited
198(5)
The Distribution of Measure Phrases
203(2)
Positives that Look Like Negatives
205(2)
Summary
207(1)
Comparison of Deviation
208(6)
The Semantic Characteristics of Comparison of Deviation
208(2)
Differential Extents and Comparison of Deviation
210(4)
Summary
214(1)
The Logical Polarity of Gradable Adjectives
214(5)
The Monotonicity Properties of Polar Adjectives
214(2)
Degrees and Monotonicity
216(1)
Extents and Monotonicity
217(2)
Summary
219(1)
Conclusion
219(8)
Notes to Chapter 3
221(6)
Conclusion 227(4)
Bibliography 231(8)
Index 239

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