Pharmaceutical Capsules,9780853695684

Pharmaceutical Capsules

by ;
Edition: 2nd
ISBN13: 9780853695684
ISBN10: 0853695687
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2004-05-01
Publisher(s): Pharmaceutical Pr
List Price: $105.00

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Summary

The variety and usage of hard and soft capsules has increased over recent years, and there have been significant changes in the technologies associated with their manufacture. Previously published as Hard Capsules, this second edition reports on the advances made in hard capsule technology, and also includes the technology, formulation and development of soft capsules. Pharmaceutical Capsules, 2nd edition, covers the history of medicinal capsules, methods and equipment used in manufacture and filling, the rationale for formulation, especially drug release from products, and industrial and official standards. This book is an essential resource for all those involved in the development, manufacture and testing of capsules. It will also be valuable to pharmaceutical science students and regulatory authorities. Book jacket.

Table of Contents

Preface xi
About the editors xiii
Contributors xv
The history of the medicinal capsule
1(22)
Introduction
1(1)
Invention of the gelatin capsule
2(3)
Improved methods of manufacture of one-piece gelatin capsules
5(3)
Developments in the use of one-piece gelatin capsules
8(1)
Invention of the hard gelatin capsule
9(2)
Development of hard gelatin capsules
11(6)
Use of capsules as a dosage form
17(1)
Enteric capsules
18(5)
References
20(3)
Gelatin: manufacture and physico-chemical properties
23(38)
Structure of collagen
24(1)
Conversion of collagen to gelatin
25(1)
Commercial manufacture of gelatin
26(1)
Collagenous raw material and its pretreatment
27(3)
Conditioning of collagen
30(4)
Filtration and clarification
34(1)
Deionisation
34(1)
Concentration
35(1)
Sterilisation
35(1)
Chilling and drying
36(1)
Grinding, sieving and blending
36(2)
BSE legislation relating to gelatin
38(1)
Molecular weight of gelatin
39(1)
Acidic and basic properties
40(1)
Gel strength
41(1)
Nature of the gelatin gel
42(6)
Properties of gelatin films
48(4)
Chemical interactions in gelatin solutions
52(1)
Tests and specifications for gelatin
53(8)
References
56(5)
Gelatin alternatives and additives
61(18)
Gelatin alternatives
61(2)
Colouring agents
63(6)
Plasticizers
69(1)
Process and performance aids
70(1)
Preservatives
70(1)
Sterilising agents
71(1)
Capsule shell coatings and treatments
72(7)
References
75(4)
Manufacture and properties of two-piece hard capsules
79(22)
Introduction
79(1)
The manufacturing process
79(10)
Quality control
89(2)
Types of hard capsules
91(2)
Properties of hard capsules
93(8)
References
98(3)
Powder, granule and pellet properties for filling of two-piece hard capsules
101(18)
Introduction
101(1)
Powder properties
101(3)
Powder flow and packing properties
104(11)
Filling of granules and pellets
115(1)
What cannot be filled into hard shell capsules?
116(3)
References
116(3)
Dry filling of hard capsules
119(20)
Introduction
119(1)
Manually operated bench-top equipment
120(1)
Capsule rectification, opening and closing on fully automated capsule-filling machinery
121(2)
Direct filling methods for powders and granules
123(2)
Indirect filling methods for powders and granules
125(7)
Filling of pellets
132(2)
Filling of tablets
134(1)
Filling of combinations of powders, pellets and tablets
135(2)
Summary
137(2)
References
137(2)
Instrumented capsule-filling machines and simulators
139(18)
Introduction
139(1)
Instrumentation of capsule-filling equipment
140(1)
Instrumentation of dosator tube capsule-filling equipment
141(4)
Instrumentation of dosing disk capsule-filling machines
145(3)
The simulation of capsule-filling equipment
148(4)
Conclusion
152(5)
References
153(4)
Capsule processing and packing
157(12)
Introduction
157(1)
Capsule check-weighing machines
157(6)
Thermoforming machines
163(6)
Filling of liquids and semi-solids into hard two-piece capsules
169(26)
Introduction
169(1)
Liquid and semi-solid matrix formulation
169(3)
Capsule-filling properties
172(6)
Capsule-filling technology
178(4)
Sealing of two-piece capsules
182(2)
Drug delivery
184(5)
Drugs with specific formulation problems
189(1)
Stability issues
189(2)
Alternatives to gelatin for two-piece capsules
191(1)
Conclusions
191(4)
References
191(4)
Technology to manufacture soft capsules
195(6)
Introduction
195(1)
Manufacturing methods
195(6)
References
199(2)
Formulation and physical properties of soft capsules
201(12)
Introduction
201(1)
Soft gelatin capsules
201(8)
Non-gelatin soft capsules
209(1)
Analytical approaches for soft capsule testing
210(3)
References
211(2)
Drug release from capsules
213(26)
Concepts of bioavailability
213(1)
Administration of hard gelatin capsule products
214(3)
Bioavailability of hard gelatin capsule products
217(1)
Formulation and the release of drugs from hard gelatin capsules
218(8)
Drug release from soft gelatin capsules
226(3)
Liquid-filled hard gelatin capsules
229(1)
Controlled-release capsule preparations
229(2)
Conclusions
231(8)
References
231(8)
Capsule standards
239(19)
Pharmacopoeial standards
239(16)
Industrial standards
255(1)
Physical standards for capsules
256(2)
Standards for filled hard capsules
258(1)
References
258

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