
Modern Welding Technology
by Cary, Howard B.; Helzer, ScottBuy New
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Summary
Table of Contents
Welding Background | p. 1 |
The Importance of Welding | p. 1 |
Welding Joins All Metals | p. 6 |
Historical Development of Welding | p. 8 |
The Welding Industry | p. 12 |
The Future of Welding | p. 16 |
Fundamentals of Welding | p. 19 |
Welding Basics | p. 19 |
Welding Processes and Grouping | p. 21 |
Methods of Applying Welding | p. 23 |
Welding Procedures | p. 25 |
Welding Physics and Chemistry | p. 27 |
Welding Personnel, Training, and Certification | p. 31 |
The Work of the Welder | p. 31 |
The Job Outlook for Welders | p. 33 |
Where Welders Work | p. 33 |
Training Programs and Schools | p. 36 |
Qualifying and Certifying Welding Personel | p. 38 |
Safety and Health of Welders | p. 41 |
Personnel Protection and Safety Rules | p. 41 |
Electrical Shock Hazard | p. 48 |
Arc Radiation Hazard | p. 50 |
Air Contamination Hazard | p. 53 |
Fire and Explosion Hazard | p. 60 |
Compressed Gases Hazard | p. 64 |
Weld Cleaning and Other Hazards | p. 65 |
Safety for Specific Welding Processes and Occupations | p. 66 |
Arc Welding with a Nonconsumable Electrode | p. 68 |
The Nonconsumable Welding Arc | p. 68 |
Gas Tungsten Arc Welding | p. 72 |
Plasma Arc Welding | p. 84 |
Carbon Arc Welding | p. 93 |
Stud Welding | p. 97 |
Other Nonconsumable Arc Welding Processes | p. 102 |
Arc Welding with a Consumable Electrode | p. 107 |
The Consumable Welding Arc | p. 107 |
Metal Transfer across the Arc | p. 114 |
Shielded Metal Arc Welding | p. 124 |
Gas Metal Arc Welding | p. 142 |
Flux-Cored Arc Welding | p. 153 |
Submerged Arc Welding | p. 165 |
Electroslag Welding | p. 177 |
Electrogas Welding | p. 187 |
Other Consumable Electrode Welding Processes | p. 192 |
Arc Welding Variables | p. 193 |
Arc Welding Process Selection | p. 202 |
Gas Welding, Brazing, Soldering, and Solid-State Welding | p. 207 |
Oxyfuel Gas Welding | p. 207 |
Brazing | p. 214 |
Soldering | p. 223 |
Thermite Welding | p. 227 |
Solid-State Welding | p. 229 |
Miscellaneous Welding Processes | p. 237 |
Resistance, Electron Beam, and Laser Beam Welding and Cutting | p. 240 |
Resistance Welding | p. 240 |
Electron Beam Welding | p. 254 |
Laser Beam Welding | p. 259 |
High Energy Beam Cutting | p. 263 |
Welding-Related Processes | p. 270 |
Oxygen Cutting | p. 270 |
Arc and Plasma Cutting | p. 274 |
Water Jet Cutting | p. 280 |
Automatic Shape Cutting | p. 281 |
Thermal Spraying | p. 286 |
Adhesive Bonding | p. 292 |
Joining Plastics | p. 293 |
Joining Composites and Ceramics | p. 297 |
Preheat and Postheat Treatment | p. 299 |
Mechanical Stress Relief | p. 302 |
Power Sources for Arc Welding | p. 305 |
Arc Welding Electricity | p. 305 |
Welding Arc Requirements | p. 308 |
Types of Welding Machines | p. 314 |
Rotating Welding Machines | p. 315 |
Transformer Welding Machines | p. 320 |
Rectifier Welding Machines | p. 324 |
Inverter Welding Machines | p. 330 |
Selecting and Specifying a Power Source | p. 335 |
Installing and Maintaining a Power Source | p. 337 |
Other Welding Equipment | p. 340 |
Arc Welding Guns and Torches | p. 340 |
Electrode Feed Systems | p. 345 |
Welding Cables and Clamps | p. 354 |
Auxiliary Welding Equipment | p. 358 |
Weld Monitoring | p. 360 |
Mechanized, Automated, and Robotic Arc Welding | p. 365 |
Automation of Welding | p. 365 |
Arc Motion Devices | p. 368 |
Work Motion Devices | p. 374 |
Standardized Automatic Arc Welding Machines | p. 379 |
Dedicated Automatic Arc Welding Equipment | p. 385 |
Flexible Automation of Welding | p. 389 |
Arc Welding Robots | p. 395 |
Controls for Automatic Arc Welding | p. 406 |
Sensors and Adaptive Control | p. 411 |
Tooling and Fixtures | p. 417 |
Electrodes and Filler Metals | p. 421 |
Types of Welding Consumables | p. 421 |
Covered Electrodes | p. 424 |
Solid Electrode Wires | p. 429 |
Cored Electrode Wires | p. 431 |
Packaging of Electrode Wires | p. 432 |
Welding Fluxes | p. 436 |
Other Welding Materials | p. 437 |
Gases Used in Welding | p. 440 |
Shielding Gases | p. 440 |
Fuel Gases for Welding and Cutting | p. 445 |
Atmosphere Gases | p. 449 |
Gas Containers and Apparatuses | p. 450 |
Metals and Their Weldability | p. 458 |
Properties of Metals | p. 458 |
Metal Specifications and Steel Classifications | p. 467 |
Identification of Metals | p. 472 |
Heat and Welding | p. 476 |
Welding Metallurgy | p. 480 |
Weldability of Metals | p. 491 |
Welding Steels | p. 495 |
Welding Carbon and Low-Alloy Steels | p. 495 |
Welding Alloy Steels | p. 498 |
Welding Stainless Steels | p. 503 |
Welding Ultrahigh-Strength Steels | p. 511 |
Welding Nonferrous Metals | p. 516 |
Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys | p. 516 |
Copper and Copper-Base Alloys | p. 527 |
Magnesium-Base Alloys | p. 531 |
Nickel-Base Alloys | p. 535 |
Reactive and Refractory Metals | p. 537 |
Other Nonferrous Metals | p. 544 |
Welding Special and Dissimilar Metals | p. 547 |
Cast Iron and Other Irons | p. 547 |
Tool Steels | p. 551 |
Reinforcing Bass | p. 554 |
Coated Steels | p. 557 |
Other Metals | p. 559 |
Clad Metals | p. 561 |
Dissimilar Metals | p. 564 |
Design for Welding | p. 568 |
Advantage of Welded Construction | p. 568 |
Weldment Design Factors | p. 570 |
Welding Positions and Weld Accessibility | p. 575 |
Design of Weld Joint and Welds | p. 579 |
Influence of Specifications on Design | p. 590 |
Design Conversion to Weldments | p. 591 |
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) | p. 595 |
Weldment Redesign to Reduce Cost | p. 597 |
Welding Symbols | p. 599 |
Cost of Welding | p. 605 |
Weldment Cost Elements | p. 605 |
Weld Metal Required for Joints | p. 606 |
Filler Metal and Materials Required | p. 611 |
Time and Labor Required | p. 615 |
Power and Overhead Costs | p. 616 |
Weld Cost Formulas and Examples | p. 617 |
Quality Control and Evaluation of Welds | p. 621 |
Quality Control Program | p. 621 |
Destructive Testing | p. 623 |
Visual Inspection | p. 628 |
Nondestructive Testing | p. 631 |
Corrective Actions for Weld Defects | p. 638 |
Workmanship Specimens and Standards | p. 648 |
Nondestructive Examination Symbols | p. 654 |
Welding Specifications, Procedures, and Qualifications | p. 657 |
Weld Reliability | p. 657 |
Welding Codes and Specifications | p. 658 |
Welding Procedures and Qualifying Them | p. 661 |
Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPS) | p. 669 |
Qualifying and Certifying Welders | p. 667 |
Welding Problems and Solutions | p. 683 |
Arc Blow | p. 683 |
Welding Distortion and Warpage | p. 686 |
Heat Forming and Straightening | p. 694 |
Weld Stresses and Cracking | p. 697 |
In-Service Cracking | p. 700 |
Welding-Painting | p. 704 |
Failure Analysis, Repair Welding, and Surfacing | p. 707 |
Weld Failure Analysis | p. 707 |
Developing a Rework Procedure | p. 713 |
Making the Repair Weld | p. 715 |
Rebuilding and Overlay Welding | p. 719 |
Surfacing for Wear Resistance | p. 721 |
Surfacing for Corrosion Resistance | p. 727 |
Other Surfacing Applications | p. 728 |
Welding Pipe and Tubing | p. 730 |
Tubular Products | p. 730 |
Pipe and Tube Welding | p. 735 |
Manual and Semiautomatic Pipe Welding | p. 742 |
Mechanized Pipe and Tube Welding | p. 743 |
Automated Pipe Welding | p. 748 |
Tube to Sheet Welding | p. 750 |
Special Welding Applications | p. 754 |
Arc Spot Welding | p. 754 |
Sheet Metal Welding | p. 759 |
One-Side Welding | p. 762 |
Narrow Gap Welding | p. 764 |
Underwater Welding | p. 767 |
Welding in Space | p. 771 |
Microjoining | p. 773 |
Appendies | p. 775 |
Glossary of Welding Terms | p. 775 |
Organizations Involved with Welding | p. 779 |
Computer Software Programs | p. 781 |
Information Sources Using a Computer | p. 782 |
Conversion Information | p. 784 |
Weights and Measures | p. 787 |
Index | p. 791 |
Table of Contents provided by Syndetics. All Rights Reserved. |
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