This book presents the state of the art in simulation using supercomputers. Leading researchers present results achieved on systems of the Stuttgart High Performance Computing Center (HLRS) for the year 2008. The reports cover all fields of computational science and engineering, ranging from CFD and computational physics and chemistry to computer science, with a special emphasis on industrially relevant applications. Presenting results for both vector-based and microprocessor-based systems, the book makes it possible to compare the performance levels and usability of various architectures. As the HLRS operates the largest NEC SX-8 vector system in the world, this book gives an excellent insight into the potential of such systems. The book further covers the main methods utilized in high performance computing. Its outstanding results in achieving the highest performance for production codes are of particular interest for both scientists and engineers. The book includes a wealth of coloured illustrations and tables.