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PART ONE Overview of Corporate Finance |
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Introduction to Corporate Finance |
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1 | (19) |
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Corporate Finance and the Financial Manager |
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2 | (2) |
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What Is Corporate Finance? |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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Financial Management Decisions |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Working Capital Management |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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Forms of Business Organization |
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4 | (4) |
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5 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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A Corporation by Another Name |
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7 | (1) |
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The Goal of Financial Management |
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8 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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The Goal of Financial Management |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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The Agency Problem and Control of the Corporation |
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10 | (4) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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Do Managers Act in the Stockholders' Interests? |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Financial Markets and the Corporation |
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14 | (3) |
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Cash Flows to and from the Firm |
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14 | (1) |
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Primary versus Secondary Markets |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (3) |
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Financial Statements, Taxes, and Cash Flow |
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20 | (28) |
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21 | (4) |
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Assets: The Left-Hand Side |
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21 | (1) |
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Liabilities and Owners' Equity: The Right-Hand Side |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Market Value versus Book Value |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (4) |
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GAAP and the Income Statement |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (2) |
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29 | (1) |
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Average versus Marginal Tax Rates |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (8) |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Change in Net Working Capital |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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A Note on ``Free'' Cash Flow |
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34 | (1) |
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Cash Flow to Creditors and Stockholders |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Cash Flow to Stockholders |
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35 | (1) |
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An Example: Cash Flows for Dole Cola |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Change in NWC and Cash Flow from Assets |
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37 | (1) |
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Cash Flow to Stockholders and Creditors |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (9) |
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PART TWO Financial Statements and Long-Term Financial Planning |
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Working with Financial Statements |
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48 | (42) |
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Cash Flow and Financial Statements: A Closer Look |
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49 | (4) |
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49 | (2) |
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The Statement of Cash Flows |
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51 | (2) |
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Standardized Financial Statements |
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53 | (3) |
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53 | (1) |
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Common-Size Balance Sheets |
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54 | (1) |
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Common-Size Income Statements |
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54 | (1) |
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Common-Size Statements of Cash Flows |
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55 | (1) |
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Common-Base Year Financial Statements: Trend Analysis |
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55 | (1) |
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Combined Common-Size and Base-Year Analysis |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (12) |
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Short-Term Solvency, or Liquidity, Measures |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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The Quick (or Acid-Test) Ratio |
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59 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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Long-Term Solvency Measures |
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60 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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A Brief Digression: Total Capitalization versus Total Assets |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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Asset Management, or Turnover, Measures |
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62 | (1) |
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Inventory Turnover and Days' Sales in Inventory |
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62 | (1) |
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Receivables Turnover and Days' Sales in Receivables |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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68 | (3) |
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68 | (2) |
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An Expanded Du Pont Analysis |
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70 | (1) |
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Using Financial Statement Information |
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71 | (7) |
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Why Evaluate Financial Statements? |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (4) |
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Problems with Financial Statement Analysis |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (12) |
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Long-Term Financial Planning and Growth |
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90 | (34) |
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What Is Financial Planning? |
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91 | (3) |
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Growth as a Financial Management Goal |
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91 | (1) |
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Dimensions of Financial Planning |
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92 | (1) |
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What Can Planning Acccomplish? |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Ensuring Feasibility and Internal Consistency |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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Financial Planning Models: A First Look |
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94 | (3) |
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A Financial Planning Model: The Ingredients |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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A Simple Financial Planning Model |
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95 | (2) |
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The Percentage of Sales Approach |
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97 | (5) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (2) |
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External Financing and Growth |
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102 | (9) |
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104 | (2) |
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Financial Policy and Growth |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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The Sustainable Growth Rate |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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A Note on Sustainable Growth Rate Calculations |
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109 | (2) |
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Some Caveats Regarding Financial Planning Models |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (13) |
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PART THREE Valuation of Future Cash Flows |
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Introduction to Valuation: The Time Value of Money |
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124 | (25) |
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Future Value and Compounding |
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125 | (7) |
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Investing for a Single Period |
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125 | (1) |
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Investing for More Than One Period |
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125 | (6) |
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A Note on Compound Growth |
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131 | (1) |
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Present Value and Discounting |
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132 | (4) |
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132 | (1) |
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Present Values for Multiple Periods |
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133 | (3) |
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More on Present and Future Values |
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136 | (8) |
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Present versus Future Value |
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136 | (1) |
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Determining the Discount Rate |
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137 | (4) |
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Finding the Number of Periods |
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141 | (3) |
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144 | (5) |
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Discounted Cash Flow Valuation |
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149 | (43) |
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Future and Present Values of Multiple Cash Flows |
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150 | (7) |
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Future Value with Multiple Cash Flows |
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150 | (3) |
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Present Value with Multiple Cash Flows |
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153 | (3) |
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A Note on Cash Flow Timing |
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156 | (1) |
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Valuing Level Cash Flows: Annuities and Perpetuities |
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157 | (10) |
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Present Value for Annuity Cash Flows |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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Future Value for Annuities |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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Comparing Rates: The Effect of Compounding |
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167 | (5) |
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Effective Annual Rates and Compounding |
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167 | (1) |
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Calculating and Comparing Effective Annual Rates |
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168 | (2) |
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170 | (1) |
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Taking It to the Limit: A Note on Continuous Compounding |
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171 | (1) |
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Loan Types and Loan Amortization |
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172 | (6) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (5) |
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178 | (14) |
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Interest Rates and Bond Valuation |
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192 | (41) |
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193 | (10) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (4) |
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197 | (1) |
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Finding the Yield to Maturity: More Trial and Error |
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198 | (5) |
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203 | (5) |
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203 | (1) |
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Long-Term Debt: The Basics |
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203 | (2) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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Some Different Types of Bonds |
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209 | (5) |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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212 | (2) |
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214 | (5) |
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How Bonds Are Bought and Sold |
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214 | (2) |
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216 | (3) |
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A Note on Bond Price Quotes |
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219 | (1) |
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Inflation and Interest Rates |
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219 | (2) |
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Real versus Nominal Rates |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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Determinants of Bond Yields |
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221 | (5) |
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The Term Structure of Interest Rates |
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221 | (2) |
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Bond Yields and the Yield Curve: Putting It All Together |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (7) |
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233 | (28) |
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234 | (9) |
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234 | (2) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (3) |
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239 | (2) |
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Components of the Required Return |
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241 | (2) |
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Some Features of Common and Preferred Stocks |
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243 | (4) |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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Cumulative and Noncumulative Dividends |
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246 | (1) |
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Is Preferred Stock Really Debt? |
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247 | (1) |
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247 | (7) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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254 | (7) |
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PART FOUR Capital Budgeting |
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Net Present Value and Other Investment Criteria |
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261 | (34) |
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262 | (4) |
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262 | (1) |
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Estimating Net Present Value |
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263 | (3) |
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266 | (3) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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Redeeming Qualities of the Rule |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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269 | (3) |
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The Average Accounting Return |
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272 | (2) |
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The Internal Rate of Return |
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274 | (9) |
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278 | (1) |
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Nonconventional Cash Flows |
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278 | (2) |
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Mutually Exclusive Investments |
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280 | (2) |
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Redeeming Qualities of the IRR |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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The Practice of Capital Budgeting |
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284 | (2) |
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286 | (9) |
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Making Capital Investment Decisions |
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295 | (35) |
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Project Cash Flows: A First Look |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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The Stand-Alone Principle |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (3) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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Pro Forma Financial Statements and Project Cash Flows |
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299 | (3) |
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Getting Started: Pro Forma Financial Statements |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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Project Operating Cash Flow |
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301 | (1) |
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Project Net Working Capital and Capital Spending |
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301 | (1) |
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Projected Total Cash Flow and Value |
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301 | (1) |
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More on Project Cash Flow |
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302 | (10) |
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A Closer Look at Net Working Capital |
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302 | (3) |
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305 | (1) |
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Modified ACRS Depreciation (MACRS) |
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305 | (2) |
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Book Value versus Market Value |
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307 | (1) |
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An Example: The Majestic Mulch and Compost Company (MMCC) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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Total Cash Flow and Value |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (1) |
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Alternative Definitions of Operating Cash Flow |
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312 | (2) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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Some Special Cases of Discounted Cash Flow Analysis |
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314 | (7) |
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Evaluating Cost-Cutting Proposals |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (3) |
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Evaluating Equipment Options with Different Lives |
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319 | (2) |
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321 | (9) |
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Project Analysis and Evaluation |
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330 | (31) |
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331 | (2) |
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331 | (1) |
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Projected versus Actual Cash Flows |
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331 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (1) |
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Scenario and Other What-If Analyses |
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333 | (4) |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (7) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (2) |
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341 | (1) |
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Accounting Break-Even: A Closer Look |
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342 | (1) |
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Uses for the Accounting Break-Even |
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343 | (1) |
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Operating Cash Flow, Sales Volume, and Break-Even |
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344 | (5) |
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Accounting Break-Even and Cash Flow |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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Calculating the Break-Even Level |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (1) |
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Sales Volume and Operating Cash Flow |
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345 | (1) |
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Cash Flow, Accounting, and Financial Break-Even Points |
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346 | (1) |
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Accounting Break-Even Revisited |
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346 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (2) |
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349 | (3) |
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349 | (1) |
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Implications of Operating Leverage |
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349 | (1) |
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Measuring Operating Leverage |
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349 | (2) |
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Operating Leverage and Break-Even |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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353 | (8) |
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PART FIVE Risk and Return |
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Some Lessons from Capital Market History |
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361 | (33) |
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362 | (4) |
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362 | (2) |
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364 | (2) |
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366 | (6) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (4) |
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Average Returns: The First Lesson |
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372 | (2) |
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Calculating Average Returns |
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372 | (1) |
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Average Returns: The Historical Record |
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372 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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373 | (1) |
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The Variability of Returns: The Second Lesson |
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374 | (6) |
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Frequency Distributions and Variability |
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374 | (1) |
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The Historical Variance and Standard Deviation |
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375 | (2) |
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377 | (1) |
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377 | (2) |
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379 | (1) |
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Using Capital Market History |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (3) |
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Arithmetic versus Geometric Averages |
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380 | (1) |
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Calculating Geometric Average Returns |
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381 | (1) |
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Arithmetic Average Return or Geometric Average Return? |
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382 | (1) |
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Capital Market Efficiency |
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383 | (5) |
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Price Behavior in an Efficient Market |
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383 | (2) |
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The Efficient Markets Hypothesis |
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385 | (1) |
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Some Common Misconceptions about the EMH |
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385 | (2) |
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The Forms of Market Efficiency |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (6) |
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Return, Risk, and the Security Market Line |
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394 | (36) |
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Expected Returns and Variances |
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395 | (3) |
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395 | (2) |
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397 | (1) |
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398 | (4) |
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399 | (1) |
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Portfolio Expected Returns |
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399 | (1) |
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400 | (2) |
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Announcements, Surprises, and Expected Returns |
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402 | (2) |
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Expected and Unexpected Returns |
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402 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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Risk: Systematic and Unsystematic |
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404 | (2) |
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Systematic and Unsystematic Risk |
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404 | (1) |
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Systematic and Unsystematic Components of Return |
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405 | (1) |
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Diversification and Portfolio Risk |
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406 | (3) |
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The Effect of Diversification: Another Lesson from Market History |
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406 | (1) |
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The Principle of Diversification |
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407 | (1) |
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Diversificaton and Unsystematic Risk |
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408 | (1) |
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Diversification and Systematic Risk |
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408 | (1) |
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409 | (3) |
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The Systematic Risk Principle |
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409 | (1) |
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Measuring Systematic Risk |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (8) |
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Beta and the Risk Premium |
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412 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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414 | (2) |
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416 | (1) |
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417 | (1) |
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417 | (1) |
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The Capital Asset Pricing Model |
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418 | (2) |
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The SML and the Cost of Capital: A Preview |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (9) |
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Options and Corporate Finance |
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430 | (38) |
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431 | (5) |
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431 | (1) |
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431 | (2) |
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433 | (3) |
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Fundamentals of Option Valuation |
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436 | (5) |
|
Value of a Call Option at Expiration |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
The Upper and Lower Bounds on a Call Option's Value |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
Four Factors Determining Option Values |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
|
441 | (3) |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Equity as a Call Option on the Firm's Assets |
|
|
445 | (3) |
|
Case I: The Debt Is Risk-Free |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
Case II: The Debt Is Risky |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
Options and Capital Budgeting |
|
|
448 | (6) |
|
The Investment Timing Decision |
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Options in Capital Budgeting: An Example |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
Options and Corporate Securities |
|
|
454 | (5) |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
The Difference between Warrants and Call Options |
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Features of a Convertible Bond |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
Value of a Convertible Bond |
|
|
455 | (2) |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
The Call Provision on a Bond |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Insurance and Loan Guarantees |
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
459 | (9) |
|
PART SIX Cost of Capital and Long-Term Financial Policy |
|
|
|
|
468 | (31) |
|
The Cost of Capital: Some Preliminaries |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Required Return versus Cost of Capital |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
Financial Policy and Cost of Capital |
|
|
469 | (1) |
|
|
470 | (4) |
|
The Dividend Growth Model Approach |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
Implementing the Approach |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Approach |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
Implementing the Approach |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
Advantages and Disadvantages of the Approach |
|
|
473 | (1) |
|
The Costs of Debt and Preferred Stock |
|
|
474 | (2) |
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
The Cost of Preferred Stock |
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital |
|
|
476 | (9) |
|
The Capital Structure Weights |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
Taxes and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Calculating the WACC for Eastman Chemical |
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
478 | (2) |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
481 | (2) |
|
Solving the Warehouse Problem and Similar Capital Budgeting Problems |
|
|
483 | (2) |
|
Performance Evaluation: Another Use of the WACC |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
Divisional and Project Costs of Capital |
|
|
485 | (4) |
|
|
485 | (1) |
|
Divisional Cost of Capital |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
Flotation Costs and the Weighted Average Cost of Capital |
|
|
489 | (3) |
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
|
492 | (7) |
|
|
499 | (37) |
|
The Financing Life Cycle of a Firm: Early-Stage Financing and Venture Capital |
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Some Venture Capital Realities |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
Choosing a Venture Capitalist |
|
|
501 | (1) |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Selling Securities to the Public: The Basic Procedure |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Alternative Issue Methods |
|
|
503 | (2) |
|
|
505 | (4) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Firm Commitment Underwriting |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Best Efforts Underwriting |
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Dutch Auction Underwriting |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
509 | (6) |
|
IPO Underpricing: The 1999--2000 Experience |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
510 | (2) |
|
Why Does Underpricing Exist? |
|
|
512 | (3) |
|
New Equity Sales and the Value of the Firm |
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
The Costs of Issuing Securities |
|
|
516 | (4) |
|
The Costs of Selling Stock to the Public |
|
|
516 | (2) |
|
The Costs of Going Public: The Case of Symbion |
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
|
520 | (6) |
|
The Mechanics of a Rights Offering |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
Number of Rights Needed to Purchase a Share |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
522 | (2) |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
The Underwriting Arrangements |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
526 | (2) |
|
Dilution of Proportionate Ownership |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Dilution of Value: Book versus Market Values |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
530 | (6) |
|
Financial Leverage and Capital Structure Policy |
|
|
536 | (36) |
|
The Capital Structure Question |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
Firm Value and Stock Value: An Example |
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
Capital Structure and the Cost of Capital |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
The Effect of Financial Leverage |
|
|
538 | (5) |
|
The Basics of Financial Leverage |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
Financial Leverage, EPS, and ROE: An Example |
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
|
540 | (2) |
|
Corporate Borrowing and Homemade Leverage |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Capital Structure and the Cost of Equity Capital |
|
|
543 | (4) |
|
M&M Proposition I: The Pie Model |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
The Cost of Equity and Financial Leverage: M&M Proposal II |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
Business and Financial Risk |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
M&M Propositions I and II with Corporate Taxes |
|
|
547 | (5) |
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
Taxes and M&M Proposition I |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
Taxes, the WACC, and Proposition II |
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
550 | (2) |
|
|
552 | (2) |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
Indirect Bankruptcy Costs |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
Optimal Capital Structure |
|
|
554 | (4) |
|
The Static Theory of Capital Structure |
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
Optimal Capital Structure and the Cost of Capital |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Optimal Capital Structure: A Recap |
|
|
556 | (2) |
|
Capital Structure: Some Managerial Recommendations |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
558 | (2) |
|
|
559 | (1) |
|
Marketed Claims versus Nonmarketed Claims |
|
|
560 | (1) |
|
Observed Capital Structures |
|
|
560 | (2) |
|
A Quick Look at the Bankruptcy Process |
|
|
562 | (3) |
|
Liquidation and Reorganization |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
Bankruptcy Reorganization |
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Financial Management and the Bankruptcy Process |
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
Agreements to Avoid Bankruptcy |
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
|
565 | (7) |
|
Dividends and Dividend Policy |
|
|
572 | (33) |
|
Cash Dividends and Dividend Payment |
|
|
573 | (3) |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Standard Method of Cash Dividend Payment |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Dividend Payment: A Chronology |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
More on the Ex-Dividend Date |
|
|
575 | (1) |
|
Does Dividend Policy Matter? |
|
|
576 | (2) |
|
An Illustration of the Irrelevance of Dividend Policy |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Current Policy: Dividends Set Equal to Cash Flow |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Alternative Policy: Initial Dividend Greater than Cash Flow |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
Real-World Factors Favoring a Low Payout |
|
|
578 | (3) |
|
|
578 | (2) |
|
Expected Return, Dividends, and Personal Taxes |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
|
580 | (1) |
|
Real-World Factors Favoring a High Payout |
|
|
581 | (2) |
|
Desire for Current Income |
|
|
581 | (1) |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
Tax and Legal Benefits from High Dividends |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
A Resolution of Real-World Factors? |
|
|
583 | (2) |
|
Information Content of Dividends |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
Establishing a Dividend Policy |
|
|
585 | (5) |
|
Residual Dividend Approach |
|
|
585 | (2) |
|
|
587 | (1) |
|
A Compromise Dividend Policy |
|
|
587 | (2) |
|
Some Survey Evidence on Dividends |
|
|
589 | (1) |
|
Stock Repurchase: An Alternative to Cash Dividends |
|
|
590 | (3) |
|
Cash Dividends versus Repurchase |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Real-World Considerations in a Repurchase |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
Stock Dividends and Stock Splits |
|
|
593 | (4) |
|
Some Details on Stock Splits and Stock Dividends |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
Example of a Small Stock Dividend |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
Example of a Large Stock Dividend |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Value of Stock Splits and Stock Dividends |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
|
596 | (1) |
|
|
597 | (8) |
|
PART SEVEN Short-Term Financial Planning and Management |
|
|
|
Short-Term Finance and Planning |
|
|
605 | (32) |
|
Tracing Cash and Net Working Capital |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
The Operating Cycle and the Cash Cycle |
|
|
607 | (6) |
|
Defining the Operating and Cash Cycles |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
|
608 | (2) |
|
The Operating Cycle and the Firm's Organizational Chart |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Calculating the Operating and Cash Cycles |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
612 | (1) |
|
Interpreting the Cash Cycle |
|
|
613 | (1) |
|
Some Aspects of Short-Term Financial Policy |
|
|
613 | (6) |
|
The Size of the Firm's Investment in Current Assets |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
Alternative Financing Policies for Current Assets |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
Different Policies for Financing Current Assets |
|
|
615 | (3) |
|
Which Financing Policy Is Best? |
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
Current Assets and Liabilities in Practice |
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
619 | (3) |
|
Sales and Cash Collections |
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
622 | (4) |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Cost of a Compensating Balance |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
Accounts Receivable Financing |
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
A Short-Term Financial Plan |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
627 | (10) |
|
Cash and Liquidity Management |
|
|
637 | (33) |
|
|
638 | |
|
The Speculative and Precautionary Motives |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Cash Management versus Liquidity Management |
|
|
639 | |
|
|
629 | (17) |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
Collection Float and Net Float |
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
Ethical and Legal Questions |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
Electronic Data Interchange: The End of Float? |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
Cash Collection and Concentration |
|
|
646 | (5) |
|
Components of Collection Time |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
|
647 | (1) |
|
|
648 | (1) |
|
Accelerating Collections: An Example |
|
|
648 | (3) |
|
Managing Cash Disbursements |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
Increasing Disbursement Float |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
Controlling Disbursements |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
Controlled Disbursement Accounts |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
652 | (3) |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
Seasonal or Cyclical Activities |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
Planned or Possible Expenditures |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
Characteristics of Short-Term Securities |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
Some Different Types of Money Market Securities |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
655 | (15) |
|
Appendix 20A Determining the Target Cash Balance |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
|
660 | (2) |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
663 | (2) |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
The Miller-Orr Model: A More General Approach |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
Implications of the BAT and Miller-Orr Models |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
Other Factors Influencing the Target Cash Balance |
|
|
667 | (3) |
|
Credit and Inventory Management |
|
|
670 | (39) |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
Components of Credit Policy |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
The Cash Flows from Granting Credit |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
The Investment in Receivables |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
672 | (4) |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
Length of the Credit Period |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
The Cash Discount and the ACP |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
676 | (3) |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
Evaluating a Proposed Credit Policy |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
NPV of Switching Policies |
|
|
677 | (2) |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
|
679 | (2) |
|
The Total Credit Cost Curve |
|
|
679 | (1) |
|
Organizing the Credit Function |
|
|
680 | (1) |
|
|
681 | (3) |
|
When Should Credit Be Granted? |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
Credit Evaluation and Scoring |
|
|
683 | (1) |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
|
685 | (2) |
|
The Financial Manager and Inventory Policy |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (1) |
|
Inventory Management Techniques |
|
|
687 | (8) |
|
|
687 | (1) |
|
The Economic Order Quantity Model |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
|
688 | (1) |
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
690 | (2) |
|
Extensions to the EOQ Model |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
|
692 | (2) |
|
Managing Derived-Demand Inventories |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
Materials Requirements Planning |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
|
695 | (14) |
|
Appendix 21A More on Credit Policy Analysis |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
Two Alternative Approaches |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
|
700 | (1) |
|
The Accounts Receivable Approach |
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
Discounts and Default Risk |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
NPV of the Credit Decision |
|
|
703 | (1) |
|
|
703 | (6) |
|
PART EIGHT Topics in Corporate Finance |
|
|
|
International Corporate Finance |
|
|
709 | |
|
|
710 | (1) |
|
Foreign Exchange Markets and Exchange Rates |
|
|
711 | (5) |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
Cross-Rates and Triangle Arbitrage |
|
|
713 | (2) |
|
|
715 | (1) |
|
|
716 | (3) |
|
Absolute Purchasing Power Parity |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
Relative Purchasing Power Parity |
|
|
717 | (1) |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
|
718 | (1) |
|
Currency Appreciation and Depreciation |
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
Interest Rate Parity, Unbiased Forward Rates, and the International Fisher Effect |
|
|
719 | (4) |
|
Covered Interest Arbitrage |
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
|
721 | (1) |
|
Forward Rates and Future Spot Rates |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
Uncovered Interest Parity |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
The International Fisher Effect |
|
|
722 | (1) |
|
International Capital Budgeting |
|
|
723 | (3) |
|
Method 1: The Home Currency Approach |
|
|
724 | (1) |
|
Method 2: The Foreign Currency Approach |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
|
725 | (1) |
|
|
726 | (3) |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
|
726 | (1) |
|
|
727 | (1) |
|
Managing Exchange Rate Risk |
|
|
728 | (1) |
|
|
729 | (1) |
|
|
729 | |
Appendix A Mathematical Tables |
|
1 | (1) |
Appendix B Key Equations |
|
1 | (1) |
Appendix C Answers to Selected End-of-Chapter Problems |
|
Index |
|
1 | |