Ethics and the Practice of Forensic Science

by ;
Edition: 1st
Format: Hardcover
Pub. Date: 2009-12-17
Publisher(s): CRC Press
List Price: $94.95

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Summary

While we would like to believe that forensic science professionals are intrinsically ethical by nature, the reality is that these individuals have moral compasses as varied as those of any individual you may know. They confront ethical dilemmas every day, some with clear-cut protocols and others that frequently have no definitive answers. Ethics and the Practice of Forensic Science explores the range of ethical issues facing those who work in the field and highlights the complicated nature of ethical decision-making in this complex arena.Ethics in the courtroom and the labWritten by one of the leading researchers in forensic ethics, the book provides data-driven examples of the behaviors ' both good and bad ' that shape the forensic profession. It provides real examples of ethical behavior combined with research to demonstrate how ethics works (and sometimes does not) in this richly interesting scientific field. The book begins by exploring philosophical approaches related to ethical decision-making. It examines the ethics of the criminal justice culture, ethical issues in the courtroom, and ethics in science and research. Next, the book shifts to a discussion of unethical behavior, and provides actual case studies spotlighting ethical breaches, including the O.J. Simpson case and other reported examples.Ethics codes in various organizationsThe book concludes with a discussion of the code of ethics. Appendices discuss research data on ethics in forensic science and provide ethics codes from various forensic science organizations. Offering a lively source of debate for professionals and academics, this volume provides a window on a topic that is frequently fraught with uncertainty.

Table of Contents

Forewordp. xi
Prefacep. xiii
Series Editorp. xv
Acknowledgmentsp. xvii
Authorp. xix
What Is Ethics?p. 1
Introductionp. 1
Ethical Theoriesp. 2
The Study of Ethicsp. 3
Utilitarianism: The Greater Goodp. 4
Deontological Ethics: Obligation and Intentionp. 6
Comparing Approaches for Forensic Sciencep. 8
Ethical Decision Makingp. 9
Framework for Ethical Decisionsp. 12
Inherent Good Surpasses Noninherent Goodp. 13
Noninherent Evil Surpasses Inherent Evilp. 14
When Selecting between Levels of Good or Evil, Select the Highest Good or the Lowest Evilp. 14
Result of Decisionsp. 14
The Ethics of the Criminal Justice Culturep. 19
Introductionp. 19
Recruitmentp. 20
Culturep. 21
Ethics of Criminal Justicep. 23
Ethics Trainingp. 25
Unethical Behaviorp. 26
Sources of Pressure for the Forensic Scientistp. 31
Ethics in the Courtroom: The Scientist's Perspectivep. 33
Introduction 33role of Attorneysp. 34
Attorney-Expert Relationshipp. 36
Misconductp. 38
Examples of Misconductp. 40
Duke Lacrosse Case, 2006p. 41
Federal Prosecutors, 2007p. 42
Research Ethics in Sciencep. 45
Introductionp. 45
Science, Technology, and Societyp. 46
Research and Publicationp. 48
Ethics in Science and Researchp. 51
Misconductp. 52
Ethics in Forensic Sciencep. 57
Introductionp. 57
Crime Scenep. 58
Laboratoryp. 59
Role of the Scientific Expert Witnessp. 61
Qualificationp. 64
Admissibility of Scientific Evidencep. 66
The Frye Casep. 67
The Daubert Casep. 68
Parametersp. 69
Misconductp. 71
Unethical Behavior: The Fork in the Roadp. 75
Introductionp. 75
Unethical Behaviorp. 77
Motivationp. 82
Justificationp. 85
Consequencesp. 86
Whistle-Blowingp. 88
Good Examples of Bad Behaviorp. 93
O. J. Simpson Casep. 93
Case Studiesp. 94
False Credentials (Associated Press, 2007a)p. 94
Misleading Degree (Moran, 2006)p. 96
Prosp. 96
Consp. 96
Abuse of Power (North, 2001)p. 97
Supporting a Habit (Huicochea, 2008)p. 98
"Errors" (Armstrong, 2007)p. 98
Prosecutor Pressure (Moxley, 2008)p. 99
Detroit (Clickondetroit.com, 2008)p. 100
Procedure (Johnson, 2008)p. 101
Fingerprints (Associated Press, 2008)p. 102
Personal Gain (Bone, 2007)p. 102
Research (Associated Press, 2006)p. 103
So What Happened?p. 103
What Was the Scientists' Defense?p. 104
On the Other Handp. 104
FBI Whistle-Blowerp. 104
Notorious Examples Every Forensic Scientist Should Knowp. 105
Fred Zainp. 105
Michael Westp. 105
Kathleen Lundyp. 105
Allison Lancasterp. 105
David Petersenp. 106
Joyce Gilcristp. 106
Houston Police Department Crime Laboratoryp. 106
Codes of Ethicsp. 107
Introductionp. 107
National Forensic Centerp. 109
Developing Codes of Ethicsp. 110
Purposep. 111
Council of Scientific Society Presidents Study of Codes of Ethicsp. 113
Familiarity with Codes of Ethicsp. 113
The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (A AFS)p. 114
Article II. Code of Ethics and Conductp. 114
The American Board of Criminalistics (ABC)p. 118
Rules of Professional Conductp. 118
American Society of Crime Laboratory Directorsp. 120
The International Association for Identification (IAI)p. 120
An Ethical Approach to Forensic Professionalismp. 123
Introductionp. 123
Educationp. 123
Competencep. 126
Professions and Professionalismp. 127
Awarenessp. 128
National Academy of Sciences Reportp. 129
Initial Research Data on Ethics in Forensic Sciencep. 131
Additional U.S. Forensic Science Professional Codes of Ethicsp. 141
U.S. Law Enforcement Professional Codes of Ethicsp. 157
International Forensic Science Professional Codes of Ethicsp. 171
Bibliographyp. 165
Indexp. 187
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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