Drugs, the Brain, and Behavior

by ;
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1999-06-08
Publisher(s): Routledge
List Price: $29.95

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Summary

In this book you will explore the brain and see what happens when drugs affect its functions. Filled with an array of useful definitions and amazing historic discoveries about the nervous system, this book will bring you up to speed on the brain/behavior relationship, basic neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and the mechanistic actions of mood-altering drugs, including alcohol, marijuana, anxiolytics, antidepressants, antipsychotics, cocaine, and opiates. Interspersed with original eye-catching illustrations, Drugs, the Brain, and Behaviorprovides the same type of captivating instruction found in Dr. Brick's highly successful courses. Its clear-cut organization and topical info-phrases invite reader dialogue. Unlike most pharmacology-related texts, this book is written by scientists who work in the field of alcohol and drug studies and who share with you their vast, practical experiences in the clinical as well as pharmacological issues surrounding drug abuse and dependence. Specifically, you'll read about: how psychoactive drugs affect cognition, behavior, and emotion the brain/behavior relationship the specific effects of 7 major addictive drug groups pharmacokinetics - tracing the impact of drugs through the body redefining addiction The brain is a fascinating organ--even more fascinating when we consider how readily certain mood-altering drugs can cause us to veer into all kinds of different behavioral paths. Drugs, the Brain, and Behavior is a unique balance of insightful instruction, useful charts, and easy-to-use tables and formulas that will give you a broad, lasting introduction to this intriguing subject. Whether you're a nurse, chemical dependency counselor, psychologist, or clinician, this book will be a quick reference guide long after the first reading.

Table of Contents

Foreword xi
James W. West
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
Introduction 1(2)
Chapter 1. What Is a Drug? 3(6)
Golden Age of Pharmacology
4(1)
Why Study the Brain-Behavior Relationship?
4(2)
BBB Model of Drug Action
6(3)
Chapter 2. Is There a Brain-Behavior Relationship? 9(8)
Mind-Body Dichotomy
9(1)
The Mind Is Physical
10(1)
Enter the Nervous System
10(1)
Electricity, the Brain, and Behavior
11(1)
Neurons and Synapses Discovered
11(1)
Evidence of a Brain-Behavior Relationship
12(1)
The Emotional Brain
12(2)
Does the Brain Store Memories?
14(1)
Why Do People Take Drugs?
14(3)
Chapter 3. Pharmacokinetics: How Do Drugs Get There? 17(16)
Entering the Circulation: The First Step
17(8)
Getting the Drug Out of the Blood: The Second Step
25(3)
Describing the Relationship Between Dose and Effect
28(2)
Elimination
30(3)
Chapter 4. Neuroanatomy: Where Do Psychoactive Drugs Act? 33(12)
The Brain Is the Target of Psychoactive Drugs
33(2)
Cerebral Cortex (Cerebrum)
35(2)
What Does the Cortex Do?
37(1)
Subcortical Structures
38(5)
Ventricles
43(2)
Chapter 5. Neurophysiology: How Do Psychoactive Drugs Act? 45(10)
The Bottom Line
45(1)
Neurons, Glia, and Neurotransmission
45(2)
What Are Ions?
47(1)
Resting and Action Potentials Explained
47(2)
Non—Ion-Gated Neurotransmission
49(1)
What Are Neurotransmitters?
49(1)
Where Do Neurotransmitters Come From?
50(2)
Where Do Neurotransmitters Go?
52(1)
What Are Receptors?
52(1)
Neurotransmission, Drugs, and Behavior
53(2)
Chapter 6. Alcohol: The Socially Accepted Addictive Beverage 55(20)
What Is Alcohol?
55(1)
Why Do People Drink?
56(2)
How Does Alcohol Get into the Blood?
58(1)
Factors Affecting Absorption
59(5)
Neuropharmacology of Intoxication
64(1)
Oxidation and Elimination
65(2)
Calculating the BAC
67(1)
What Is BAC?
68(1)
Biobehavioral Effects of Alcohol Intoxication
68(1)
Driving and Other Complex Tasks in Which Attention Is Divided
69(2)
Alcohol and the Fetus
71(2)
Other Medical Consequences of Alcohol
73(2)
Chapter 7. Cocaine and Other Stimulants: Drugs That Make Us High 75(12)
Cocaine
77(3)
Harmful Side Effects of Cocaine
80(1)
Abuse of and Dependence on Cocaine
81(1)
Cocaine and the Fetus
82(1)
Does Cocaine Affect Driving?
83(1)
Amphetamine
83(1)
Medical Uses of Amphetamines
84(1)
Abuse of and Dependence on Amphetamines
85(1)
Xanthines
85(2)
Chapter 8. Opioids: Drugs That Calm Our Pain 87(12)
Natural Opiates
87(2)
Terminology
89(1)
Use and Popularity
89(1)
Semisynthetic Opiates
90(1)
Synthetic Opioids
90(2)
Brain Opioid Peptides
92(1)
Opioid Antagonists
92(2)
Administration
94(1)
Distribution and Elimination
94(1)
Medical Uses
95(1)
Harmful Effects: Myths and Realities
95(1)
Abuse of and Dependence on Opioids
96(3)
Chapter 9. Marijuana: The Illegal Recreational Plant 99(20)
What Is Marijuana?
99(2)
What Is THC?
101(1)
How Is Marijuana Administered?
101(2)
Distribution
103(1)
Different Types of Marijuana
103(1)
Who Uses Marijuana?
104(1)
Neuropharmacology of Cannabinoids
105(1)
Half-Life and Measurement of THC
106(1)
Biobehavioral Effects and Use of Marijuana
107(3)
Harmful Effects: Myths and Realities
110(6)
Marijuana and the Fetus
116(1)
Tolerance and Dependence
117(1)
Legal Penalties for Marijuana Possession
118(1)
Chapter 10. Anxiolytics: Drugs That Calm Us Down 119(14)
What Is Anxiety?
119(2)
What Are Anxiety Disorders?
121(1)
Where Does Anxiety Begin?
122(1)
Pharmacological Treatment of Anxiety
122(1)
Absorption, Distribution, and Elimination
123(1)
How Do Benzodiazepines Work?
124(3)
Where Are Benzodiazepine Receptors?
127(1)
Biobehavioral Effects of Benzodiazepines
127(2)
Benzodiazepines and the Fetus
129(1)
Abuse of and Dependence on Benzodiazepines
129(1)
Other Anxiolytic Medications
130(1)
Guidelines for the Use of Anxiolytic Drugs
130(3)
Chapter 11. Antidepressants: Drugs That Lift Us Up 133(10)
What Is Depression?
133(2)
What Are Monoamines?
135(1)
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
136(2)
Lithium Salts
138(1)
Stimulants
138(1)
Tricyclic Antidepressants
138(1)
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
139(1)
Other Medications
139(4)
Chapter 12. Antipsychotics: Drugs That Make Us Sane 143(16)
What Is Psychosis?
143(1)
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
144(1)
Early Treatments for Schizophrenia
145(1)
Golden Age of Pharmacology
146(3)
Neurotransmitters and Schizophrenia
149(3)
Where in the Brain Do Antipsychotic Medications Work?
152(1)
What It All Means
153(1)
Brain Dopamine Pathways
153(2)
Side Effects
155(4)
Chapter 13. Addiction Is Not What You Think 159(8)
Definitions
159(3)
Neurochemical Dysfunction as a Cause of Addictions
162(3)
Conclusions
165(2)
Notes 167(4)
Selected Bibliography 171(8)
Index 179

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