This book presents a comprehensive overview of what the criminal law would look like if organized around the principle that those who deserve punishment should receive punishment commensurate with, but no greater than, that which they deserve. Larry Alexander and Kimberly Kessler Ferzan argue that desert is a function of the actor's culpability, and that culpability is a function of the risks of harm to protected interests that the actor believes he is imposing and his reasons for acting in the face of those risks. The authors deny that resultant harms, as well as unperceived risks, affect the actor's desert. They thus reject punishment for inadvertent negligence as well as for intentions or preparatory acts that are not risky. Alexander and Ferzan discuss the reasons for imposing risks that negate or mitigate culpability, the individuation of crimes, and omissions. They conclude with a discussion of rules versus standards in criminal law and offer a description of the shape of criminal law in the event that the authors' conceptualization is put into practice.

Larry Alexander is the Warren Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of San Diego. He has authored and coauthored, in addition to several anthologies and 170 articles, essays, and book chapters, five books, most recently Is Three a Right to Freedom of Expression? and, with Emily Sherwin, Desmystifying Legal Reasoning. He is also past president of Amintaphil, a founding coeditor of the journal Legal Theory, and codirector of the Institute for Law and Philosophy at the University of San Diego. Kimberly-Kessler Ferzan is Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Professor of Law at Rutgers University School of Law, Camden, and is Associate Graduate Faculty in the Philosophy Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick. The author of numerous articles, essays, and book chapters on criminal law theory, she is cofounder and codirector of the Rutgers Camden Institute for Law and Philosophy.