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Summary
Table of Contents
| INTRODUCTION | |
| BASIC CONCEPTS AND NOMENCLATURE OF STEREOCHEMISTRY | |
| Chirality, Enantiomers and Diastereomers | |
| Stereochemical Nomenclature | |
| Principles of Separation of Diastereomers and Enantiomers | |
| RESOLUTION BY FORMATION AND FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLISATION OF DIASTEREOMERIC SALTS | |
| The Concept of Resolvability | |
| Stoichiometry of Resolution | |
| Resolution with One Equivalent of Resolving Agent | |
| Resolution with Half Equivalent of Resolving Agent in Combination with an Achiral Additive | |
| Use of Half Molar Equivalent of Resolving Agent without an Achiral Additive | |
| Salt-Salt Resolution | |
| Resolution with the Enantiomer of the Resolving Agent | |
| Reciprocal Resolution | |
| Mutual Resolution | |
| Resolution with Difunctional Resolving Agents | |
| Resolution of Amphoteric Racemates | |
| Resolution by Salt Formation of Compounds Lacking Acidic or Basic Groups | |
| Asymmetric Transformations during Resolution by Salt Formation | |
| RESOLVING AGENTS | |
| Basic Resolving Agents | |
| Acidic Resolving Agents (Including Amino Acids) | |
| RESEARCH ON RESOLVING AGENTS | |
| Attempts to Devise A Generally Applicable Resolving Agent | |
| Correlation of the Efficiency of Resolution with the Structure of Racemate and Resolving Agent. | |
| Resolutions with a Derivative of the Racemate | |
| Resolutions with a Mixture of Structurally Similar Resolving Agents | |
| SELECTION OF THE RESOLVING AGENT | |
| SELECTION OF THE RESOLVING AGENT BY EXPERIMENTATION | |
| Selection of the Resolving Agent by Small-Scale Preliminary Preparative Experiments | |
| Selection of the Resolving Agent by Combined Application of Several Resolving Agents | |
| Selection of the Resolving Agent by Distillation Tests | |
| Selection of the Resolving Agent Based on the Principle of Maximum Similarity | |
| Selection of the Resolving Agent by Statistical Evaluation | |
| SELECTION OF A RESOLVING AGENT BASED ON THE DETERMINATION OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS | |
| Solubility | |
| Selection of a Resolving Agent Based on Melting Point Phase Diagrams of Diastereomeric Salt Pairs | |
| Calculation of Resolvability by DSC of a Mixture of Diastereomeric Salts Formed from the Racemate | |
| Determination of the Optical Rotation of Diastereomeric salts | |
| SELECTION OF THE RESOLVING AGENT BASED ON THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS | |
| RESOLUTION IN PRACTICE, SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL PARAMETERS | |
| Reacting the Components | |
| Initiation of Crystallisation | |
| Role of Temperature in Resolution | |
| Further Purification of Diastereomeric Salts with the Aid of a Chiral | |
| Additive | |
| Recovery of the Components from the Diastereomeric Salts | |
| Upgrading of Optical Purity without a Chiral Additive (Enantiomeric Enrichment) | |
| ALTERNATIVE METHODS OF RESOLUTION BY DIASTEREOMERIC SALT FORMATION | |
| Classification of Alternative Resolution Processes by Type of Phase Transition | |
| Resolution by Distillation | |
| Resolution by Extraction | |
| Resolution by Supercritical Extraction | |
| Resolution by Sublimation | |
| Mechanical Separation of Diastereomeric Salt Mixtures | |
| DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF SELECTED RESOLUTIONS | |
| APPENDIX 1: Resolutions Ordered According to the Resolving Agent | |
| APPENDIX 2: Commercially Produced Resolving Agents and Optically Active Industrial Products which may be Eligible as Resolving Agents | |
| APPENDIX 3. Chiral Selective Chromatographic Analysis |
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