Charles Franois Sturm was born in Geneva, Switzerland, on September 29, 1803. He obtained his scientific education in this city and Geneva honoured his memory on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of his birth by a colloquium and workshop in Geneva held in 2003. This volume is based on lectures presented at this colloquium. The focus is on C.F. Sturm's own work. The book contains particular reproductions of his scientific publications. Sturm contributed notably to geometry, algebra, analysis, optics, mechanics, other work in physics (particularly fluid mechanics and speed of sound in water). These original papers are accompanied by contributions from internationally renowned experts thereby deepening topics like differential equations, optics and algebraic curves. The volume complements the book on the development of Sturm-Liouville theory (ISBN 978-3-7643-7066-4) that also originates from that colloquium.