Introduction 1
What You’ll Find 1
Beyond the Book 2
Where to Go for Additional Help 2
Part 1: The Questions 5
Chapter 1: Units and Unit Conversions 7
The Problems You’ll Work On 7
What to Watch Out For 7
Understanding Metric Prefixes and Units 8
Choosing Appropriate Units 8
Doing Metric Conversions 9
Converting between Systems of Measurement 10
Using Dimensional Analysis 11
Chapter 2: Scientific Notation and Significant Figures 13
The Problems You’ll Work On 13
What to Watch Out For 13
Putting Numbers in Scientific Notation 14
Taking Numbers out of Scientific Notation 14
Calculating with Numbers in Scientific Notation 14
Recognizing Significant Figures 16
Writing Answers with the Right Number of Sig Figs 16
Chapter 3: Matter and Energy 19
The Problems You’ll Work On 19
What to Watch Out For 19
Phases of Matter and Phase Changes 20
Classifying Substances and Mixtures 20
Properties of Matter 21
Calculating Density 22
Working with Energy 23
Chapter 4: The Atom and Nuclear Chemistry 25
The Problems You’ll Work On 25
What to Watch Out For 25
Isotopes and Subatomic Particles 26
Electrons and Quantum Mechanics 28
Average Atomic Mass 29
Nuclear Reactions and Nuclear Decay 30
Completing Nuclear Reactions 31
Half-Lives 32
Chapter 5: Periodicity and the Periodic Table 33
The Problems You’ll Work On 33
What to Watch Out For 33
Element Symbols and Names 34
Structure of the Periodic Table 35
Periodic Trends 36
Chapter 6: Ionic Bonding 39
The Problems You’ll Work On 39
What to Watch Out For 39
Naming Binary Compounds 40
Naming Compounds with Polyatomic Ions 41
Writing Formulas of Binary Compounds 42
Writing Formulas of Compounds with Polyatomic Ions 43
Chapter 7: Covalent Bonding 47
The Problems You’ll Work On 47
What to Watch Out For 47
Prefixes in Covalent — Compound Names 48
Naming Covalent Compounds 48
Writing Formulas of Covalent Compounds 50
Chapter 8: Molecular Geometry 53
The Problems You’ll Work On 53
What to Watch Out For 53
Valence Electrons 54
Predicting Bond Types 55
Basic Molecular Shapes 56
Exceptional Molecular Shapes 58
Polarity of Molecules 59
Chapter 9: Chemical Reactions 61
The Problems You’ll Work On 61
What to Watch Out For 61
Classifying Reactions from Chemical Equations 62
Classifying Reactions from Word Equations 63
Predicting Reactions 64
Balancing Chemical Reactions 65
Balancing Reactions from Word Equations 66
Predicting Products and Balancing Reactions 67
Redox and Acid-Base Reactions 68
Chapter 10: Molar Calculations 71
The Problems You’ll Work On 71
What to Watch Out For 71
Calculating Molar Mass 72
Finding Mass Percent 73
Empirical Formulas 74
Molecular Formulas 75
Mole Calculations 75
Percent Yield 80
Limiting Reactants 81
Chapter 11: Thermochemistry 83
The Problems You’ll Work On 83
What to Watch Out For 83
Converting Temperatures 84
Phase Changes and Energy 85
Specific Heat and Calorimetry 90
Heats of Formation 91
Enthalpy Changes with Hess’s Law 92
Chapter 12: Gases 97
The Problems You’ll Work On 97
What to Watch Out For 97
Converting Pressure Units 98
Boyle’s Law 98
Charles’s Law 99
Gay-Lussac’s Law 100
The Combined Gas Law 101
Avogadro’s Law 103
The Ideal Gas Law 103
Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures 104
Graham’s Law 105
Gas Stoichiometry 106
Chapter 13: Solutions (The Chemistry Kind) 107
The Problems You’ll Work On 107
What to Watch Out For 107
Solutions, Solvents, and Solutes 108
Concentration Calculations 109
Dilution 110
Molality 110
Colligative Properties 111
Chapter 14: Acids and Bases 115
The Problems You’ll Work On 115
What to Watch Out For 115
Identifying Acids and Bases 116
Conjugate Acids and Bases 116
Finding pH and pOH of Strong Acids and Bases 117
Finding pH and pOH of Weak Acids and Bases 118
Stoichiometry of Titrations 119
Buffer Solutions 120
Titrations and pH Changes 121
Chapter 15: Graphing Basics 125
The Problems You’ll Work On 125
What to Watch Out For 125
Graphing 126
Part 2: The Answers 131
Chapter 16: Answers and Explanations 133
Appendix: The Periodic Table of Elements 425
Index 427
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