Tibet, the highland beyond the Himalayas, seems permeated with an atmosphere of living spirituality. Here in ancient times the religion of Bouml;n was widespread, marked by shamanistic practices and a pronounced cult of the dead. Until well into the eighth century, Bouml;n was the dominant religion and culture on the roof of the world; it is in essence the belief system of ancient Tibet. From the second half of the eighth century onward, Bouml;n was superseded by Buddhism, which had traveled north from India, and the two religions came to influence each other in both doctrine and ritual. In spite of the eventual dominance of Buddhism through its position as the state religion, however, a reformed Bouml;n school has been able to assert itself down to the present. Its tradition continues to remain alive in a few monasteries as well as in visible signs of Tibetan popular religion, including prayer flags and spirit traps, temple and mountain circumambulations, death and marriage rites, oracle techniques, and countless religious rituals. In fact, it may be reasonably asserted that Tibetan culture cannot be completely understood without a knowledge of Bouml;n practices. This book takes the reader to secluded monasteries and sacred sites of the Bouml;n religious community. With its thoroughly informed text and more than 200 photographs of Bouml;n monasteries, lamas, and sacred sites, most undocumented until now, this volume introduces the myths and culture of ancient Tibet. The preface, written by the spiritual head of all Bouml;npo, confers additional authority on the work, while its notes, maps, index, and an extensive bibliography make it essential reading for anyone with an interest in Tibet or eastern religions.

Dr. Christoph Baumer, a Fellow of the Royal Asiatic Society, London, and of the Royal Geographical Society, London, is a leading explorer of Central Asia, Tibet, and China, who has made several important discoveries there in the fields of archaeology and art history. Dr. Baumer is internationally known through his scientific and popular writing, radio appearances, and documentary films. His works, illustrated with his own photographs and published in six languages, include Southern Silk Road: In the Footsteps of Sir Aurel Stein and Sven Hedin.