Astrochemistry From Astronomy to Astrobiology

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Edition: 1st
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2006-07-24
Publisher(s): WILEY
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Summary

The dynamic field of astrochemistry brings together ideas of physics, astrophysics, biology and chemistry to the study of molecules between stars, around stars and on planets. Astrochemistry: from Astronomy to Astrobiology provides a clear and concise introduction to this rapidly evolving multidisciplinary subject. Starting with the Molecular Universe, the text covers the formation of the elements, simple models of stars and their classification. It then moves on to draw on the theme of the Origins of Life to study interstellar chemistry, meteorite and comet chemistry as well as the chemistry of planets. Prebiotic chemistry and astrobiology are explored by examining the extremes of the biosphere on Earth, seeing how this may be applied to life in other solar systems. Astrochemsitry assumes a basic familiarity with principles of physical and organic chemistry but no prior knowledge of biology or astrophysics. This innovative text incorporates results from the latest research and ground and space missions, with key images enhanced by a colour plate section. includes latest research and results from ground and space missions colour plate section summary of concepts and calculations at the end of each chapter accompanying website www.wiley.co/go/shawastrochemistry This book will be an ideal text for an undergraduate course in Astrochemistry and an essential tool for postgraduates entering the field.

Author Biography

Andrew M. Shaw, University of Exeter, UK.

Table of Contents

Prefacep. ix
The molecular universep. 1
Introductionp. 1
The Standard Model - Big Bang theoryp. 1
Galaxies, stars and planetsp. 3
Origins of lifep. 4
Other intelligent lifep. 9
Theories of the origin of lifep. 10
Concepts and calculationsp. 13
Starlight, galaxies and clustersp. 15
Introductionp. 15
Simple stellar models - black body radiationp. 15
2.725 K - cosmic microwave background radiationp. 20
Stellar classificationp. 21
Constellationsp. 26
Galaxiesp. 31
Cosmologyp. 36
Concepts and calculationsp. 38
Problemsp. 39
Atomic and molecular astronomyp. 41
Introductionp. 41
Spectroscopy and the structure of matterp. 41
Line shapep. 46
Telescopesp. 52
Atomic spectroscopyp. 56
Molecular astronomyp. 59
Molecular masersp. 77
Detection of hydrogenp. 79
Diffuse interstellar bandsp. 80
Spectral mappingp. 81
Concepts and calculationsp. 82
Problemsp. 83
Stellar chemistryp. 85
Introductionp. 85
Classes of starsp. 86
Herzprung-Russell diagramp. 88
Stellar evolutionp. 89
Stellar spectrap. 98
Exotic starsp. 102
Cycle of star formationp. 108
Concepts and calculationsp. 110
Problemsp. 111
The interstellar mediump. 113
Introductionp. 113
Mapping clouds of moleculesp. 114
Molecules in the interstellar and circumstellar mediump. 117
Physical conditions in the interstellar mediump. 120
Rates of chemical reactionsp. 123
Chemical reactions in the interstellar mediump. 130
Photochemistryp. 133
Charged particle chemistryp. 136
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsp. 136
Dust grainsp. 140
Chemical models of molecular cloudsp. 145
Prebiotic molecules in the interstellar mediump. 151
Concepts and calculationsp. 154
Problemsp. 155
Meteorite and comet chemistryp. 157
Introductionp. 157
Formation of the solar systemp. 158
Classification of meteoritesp. 161
Meteorite mineralogyp. 162
Geological timep. 165
Chemical analysis of meteorites by [mu]L[superscript 2]MSp. 168
The Murchison meteorite - kerogenp. 171
Meteorite ALH84001p. 173
Comet chemistryp. 180
Structure of a cometp. 180
Physicochemical conditions in a cometary comap. 181
Chemical composition of cometsp. 183
Cometary collisionsp. 185
The Rosetta mission - origin of the solar systemp. 187
Concepts and Calculationsp. 190
Problemsp. 191
Planetary chemistryp. 193
Introductionp. 193
Structure of a star-planet systemp. 194
Surface gravityp. 195
Formation of the Earthp. 197
Earth-Moon systemp. 199
Geological periodsp. 200
Radiative heatingp. 202
The habitable zonep. 204
Extrasolar planetsp. 206
Planetary atmospheresp. 209
Atmospheric photochemistryp. 215
Biomarkers in the atmospherep. 219
Concepts and calculationsp. 221
Problemsp. 222
Prebiotic chemistryp. 225
Introductionp. 225
Carbon- and water-based life formsp. 225
Spontaneous chemical reactionsp. 227
Rates of chemical reactionsp. 236
Endogenous production of organic moleculesp. 237
Exogenous delivery of organic moleculesp. 245
Homochiralityp. 246
Surface Metabolism - 'clay organisms'p. 249
Geothermal Vents - 'black smokers'p. 251
RNA World hypothesisp. 253
Concepts and calculationsp. 256
Problemsp. 257
Primitive life formsp. 259
Introductionp. 259
Self-assembly and encapsulationp. 261
Protocellsp. 264
Universal tree of lifep. 273
Astrobiologyp. 274
Microbial Marsp. 281
Concepts and calculationsp. 283
Problemsp. 284
Titanp. 287
Introductionp. 287
Physical propertiesp. 289
The atmospherep. 291
Temperature-dependent chemistryp. 294
Energy balance and the greenhouse effectp. 296
Atmospheric chemistryp. 297
Astrobiology on Titanp. 302
Concepts and calculationsp. 305
Problemsp. 306
Glossary of terms and abbreviationsp. 307
Constants and unitsp. 319
Astronomical datap. 321
Thermodynamic properties of selected compoundsp. 323
Answers to problemsp. 325
Bibliographyp. 329
Indexp. 335
Table of Contents provided by Ingram. All Rights Reserved.

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