The Analysis of Household Surveys A Microeconometric Approach to Development Policy,9780801852541

The Analysis of Household Surveys A Microeconometric Approach to Development Policy

by ;
ISBN13: 9780801852541
ISBN10: 0801852544
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 1997-08-01
Publisher(s): World Bank Publications
List Price: $74.66

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Summary

Over the past 15 years, the availability of cheap and convenient microcomputers has changed the collection methods and analysis of household survey data in developing countries, making the data available within months, rather than years. Simultaneously, analysts have become more interested in exploring ways in which such data may be used to inform and improve the steps involved in policymaking.This book reviews the analysis of household survey data, including the construction of household surveys, the econometric tools that are the most useful for such analysis, and a range of problems in development policy for which the econometric analysis of household surveys is useful and informative. The author's approach remains close to the data, relying on transparent econometric and graphical techniques to present the data so that policy and academic debates are clearly informed.

Table of Contents

Introduction 1(6)
Purpose and intended audience 1(1)
Policy and data: methodological issues 2(2)
Structure and outline 4(3)
1. The design and content of household surveys
7(56)
1.1 Survey design
9(13)
Survey frames and coverage
10(2)
Strata and clusters
12(3)
Unequal selection probabilities, weights, and inflation factors
15(2)
Sample design in theory and practice
17(1)
Panel data
18(4)
1.2 The content and quality of survey data
22(10)
Individuals and households
23(1)
Reporting periods
24(2)
Measuring consumption
26(3)
Measuring income
29(3)
1.3 The Living Standards Surveys
32(8)
A brief history
32(2)
Design features of LSMS surveys
34(1)
What have we learned?
35(5)
1.4 Descriptive statistics from survey data
40(21)
Finite populations and superpopulations
40(3)
The sampling variance of the mean
43(1)
Using weights and inflation factors
44(5)
Sampling variation of probability-weighted estimators
49(1)
Stratification
49(2)
Two-stage sampling and clusters
51(5)
A superpopulation approach to clustering
56(1)
Illustrative calculations for Pakistan
57(1)
The bootstrap
58(3)
1.5 Guide to further reading
61(2)
2. Econometric issues for survey data
63(70)
2.1 Survey design and regressions
66(7)
Weighting in regressions
67(4)
Recommendations for practice
71(2)
2.2 The econometrics of clustered samples
73(5)
The economics of clusters in developing countries
73(1)
Estimating regressions from clustered samples
74(4)
2.3 Heteroskedasticity and quantile regressions
78(14)
Heteroskedasticity in regression analysis
79(1)
Quantile regressions
80(3)
Calculating quantile regressions
83(2)
Heteroskedasticity and limited dependent variable models
85(4)
Robust estimation of censored regression models
89(2)
Radical approaches to censored regressions
91(1)
2.4 Structure and regression in nonexperimental data
92(13)
Simultaneity, feedback, and unobserved heterogeneity
93(1)
Example 1. Prices and quantities in local markets
93(2)
Example 2. Farm size and farm productivity
95(2)
Example 3. The evaluation of projects
97(1)
Example 4. Simultaneity and lags: nutrition and productivity
98(1)
Measurement error
99(2)
Selectivity issues
101(4)
2.5 Panel data
105(6)
Dealing with heterogeneity: difference- and within-estimation
106(2)
Panel data and measurement error
108(2)
Lagged dependent variables and exogeneity in panel data
110(1)
2.6 Instrumental variables
111(5)
Policy evaluation and natural experiments
112(3)
Econometric issues for instrumental variables
115(1)
2.7 Using a time-series of cross-sections
116(11)
Cohort data: an example
117(3)
Cohort data versus panel data
120(1)
Panel data from successive cross sections
121(2)
Decompositions by age, cohort, and year
123(4)
2.8 Two issues in statistical inference
127(4)
Parameter transformations: the delta method
128(1)
Sample size and hypothesis tests
129(2)
2.9 Guide to further reading
131(2)
3. Welfare, poverty, and distribution
133(71)
3.1 Living standards, inequality, and poverty
134(35)
Social welfare
134(2)
Inequality and social welfare
136(2)
Measures of inequality
138(2)
Poverty and social welfare
140(1)
The construction of poverty lines
141(4)
Measures of poverty
145(3)
The choice of the individual welfare measure
148(3)
Example 1. Inequality and poverty over time in Cote d'Ivoire
151(5)
Example 2. Inequality and poverty by race in South Africa
156(1)
Exploring the welfare distribution: inequality
157(3)
Lorenz curves and inequality in South Africa and Cote d'Ivoire
160(2)
Stochastic dominance
162(2)
Exploring the welfare distribution: poverty
164(5)
3.2 Nonparametric methods for estimating densities
169(13)
Estimating univariate densities: histograms
170(1)
Estimating univariate densities: kernel estimators
171(4)
Estimating univariate densities: examples
175(1)
Extensions and alternatives
176(4)
Estimating bivariate densities: examples
180(2)
3.3 Analyzing the distributional effects of policy
182(20)
Rice prices and distribution in Thailand
182(1)
The distributional effects of price changes: theory
183(3)
Implementing the formulas: the production and consumption of rice
186(5)
Nonparametric regression analysis
191(3)
Nonparametric regressions for rice in Thailand
194(3)
Bias in kernel regression: locally weighted regression
197(3)
The distributional effects of the social pension in South Africa
200(2)
3.4 Guide to further reading
202(2)
4. Nutrition, children, and intrahousehold allocation
204(67)
4.1 The demand for food and nutrition
206(17)
Welfare measures: economic or nutritional?
206(4)
Nutrition and productivity
210(1)
The expenditure elasticity of nutrition
211(2)
Background; evidence from India and Pakistan
213(3)
Regression functions and regression slopes for Maharashtra
216(3)
Allowing for household structure
219(2)
The effect of measurement errors
221(2)
4.2 Intra-household allocation and gender bias
223(18)
Gender bias in intrahousehold allocation
224(1)
A theoretical digression
225(4)
Adults, children, and gender
229(2)
Empirical evidence from India
231(3)
Boys versus girls in rural Maharashtra: methodology
234(1)
Standard errors for outlay equivalent ratios
235(1)
Boys versus girls in rural Maharashtra: results
236(2)
Cote d'Ivoire, Thailand, Bangladesh, and Taiwan (China)
238(3)
4.3 Equivalence scales: theory and practice
241(28)
Equivalence scales, welfare, and poverty
243(1)
The relevance of household expenditure data
244(1)
Cost-of-living indices, consumers' surplus, and utility theory
245(1)
Calculating the welfare effect of price
246(1)
Equivalence scales, the cost of children, and utility theory
247(1)
The underidentification of equivalence scales
248(3)
Engel's method
251(4)
Rothbarth's method
255(5)
Other models of equivalence scales
260(2)
Economies of scale within the household
262(6)
Utility theory and the identification of economies of scale
268(1)
4.4 Guide to further reading
269(2)
5. Looking at price and tax reform
271(64)
5.1 The theory of price and tax reform for developing countries
273(10)
Tax reform
273(4)
Generalizations using shadow prices
277(1)
Evaluation of nonbehavioral terms
278(1)
Alternative approaches to measuring behavioral responses
279(4)
5.2 The analysis of spatial price variation
283(10)
Regional price data
283(1)
Household price data
283(5)
Unit values and the choice of quality
288(4)
Measurement error in unit values
292(1)
5.3 Modeling the choice of quality and quantity
293(22)
A stripped-down model of demand and unit values
294(2)
Modeling quality
296(3)
Estimating the stripped-down model
299(3)
An example from Cote d'Ivoire
302(1)
Functional form
303(3)
Quality, quantity, and welfare: cross-price effects
306(5)
Cross-price effects: estimation
311(3)
Completing the system
314(1)
5.4 Empirical results for India and Pakistan
315(8)
Preparatory analysis
316(1)
The first-stage estimates
316(1)
Price responses: the second-stage estimates for Pakistan
317(3)
Price estimates and taste variation, Maharashtra
320(3)
5.5 Looking at price and tax reform
323(9)
Shadow taxes and subsidies in Pakistan
324(1)
Shadow taxes and subsidies in India
325(1)
Adapting the price reform formulas
326(2)
Equity and efficiency in price reform in Pakistan
328(2)
Equity and efficiency in price-reform in India
330(2)
5.6 Price reform: parametric and nonparametric analysis
332(2)
5.7 Guide to further reading
334(1)
6. Saving and consumption smoothing
335(66)
6.1 Life-cycle interpretations of saving
337(13)
Age profiles of consumption
339(3)
Consumption and saving by cohorts
342(3)
Estimating a life-cycle model for Taiwan (China)
345(5)
6.2 Short-term consumption smoothing and permanent income
350(7)
Saving and weather variability
351(3)
Saving as a predictor of income change
354(3)
6.3 Models of saving for poor households
357(15)
The basic model of intertemporal choice
357(2)
Special cases: the permanent income and life-cycle models
359(2)
Further analysis of the basic model: precautionary saving
361(2)
Restrictions on borrowing
363(6)
Borrowing restrictions and the empirical evidence
369(3)
6.4 Social insurance and consumption
372(11)
Consumption insurance in theory
375(2)
Empirical evidence on consumption insurance
377(6)
6.5 Saving, consumption, and inequality
383(10)
Consumption, permanent income, and inequality
383(3)
Inequality and age: empirical evidence
386(4)
Aging and inequality
390(3)
6.6 Household saving and policy: a tentative review
393(6)
Motives, consequences, and policy
394(1)
Saving and growth
395(2)
Determinants of saving
397(2)
6.7 Guide to further reading
399(2)
Code appendix 401(38)
Bibliography 439(24)
Subject index 463(11)
Author index 474

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