Preface |
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vii | |
List of Maps |
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xxvi | |
About the Authors |
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xxviii | |
Part One THE ATION OF AMERICAN SOCIETY, 1450-1775 |
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2 | (160) |
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Chapter 1 WORLDS COLLIDE: EUROPE, AFRICA, AND AMERICA, 1450-1620 |
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6 | (31) |
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7 | (7) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (4) |
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Traditional European Society in 1450 |
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14 | (4) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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Europe Encounters Africa and the Americas, 1450-1550 |
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18 | (11) |
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18 | (2) |
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West African Society and Slavery |
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20 | (3) |
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Europe Reaches the Americas |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (4) |
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The Protestant Reformation and the Rise of England |
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29 | (8) |
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29 | (2) |
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The Dutch and the English Challenge Spain |
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31 | (2) |
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The Social Causes of English Colonization |
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33 | |
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FATHER LE PETITE: The Customs of the Natchez, 1730 |
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13 | (13) |
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FRIAR BERNARDINO DE SAHAGĂN: Aztec Elders Describe the Spanish Conquest |
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26 | (11) |
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Chapter 2 THE INVASION AND SETTLEMENT OF NORTH AMERICA, 1550-1700 |
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37 | (31) |
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Imperial Conflicts and Rival Colonial Models |
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38 | (9) |
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New Spain: Colonization and Conversion |
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38 | (3) |
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New France: Furs and Souls |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (1) |
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English Virginia: Settlers and a Staple Crop |
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44 | (3) |
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The Chesapeake Experience |
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47 | (6) |
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Settling the Tobacco Colonies |
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47 | (3) |
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Masters, Servants, and Slaves |
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50 | (1) |
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The Seeds of Social Revolt |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (6) |
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53 | (4) |
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Puritanism and Witchcraft |
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57 | (1) |
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A Yeoman Society, 1630-1700 |
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58 | (1) |
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The Eastern Indians' New World |
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59 | (9) |
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59 | (2) |
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Metacom's (King Philip's) Rebellion |
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61 | (2) |
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The Fur Trade and the Inland Peoples |
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63 | |
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SAMUEL DE CHAMPLAIN: Going to War with the Hurons |
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42 | (22) |
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MARY ROWLANDSON: A Captivity Narrative |
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64 | (4) |
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Chapter 3 THE BRITISH EMPIRE IN AMERICA, 1660-1750 |
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68 | (31) |
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The Politics of Empire, 1660-1713 |
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69 | (7) |
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The Great Aristocratic Land Grab |
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69 | (1) |
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From Mercantilism to Imperial Dominion |
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70 | (2) |
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The Glorious Revolution in England and America |
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72 | (2) |
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Imperial Wars and Native Peoples |
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74 | (2) |
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The Imperial Slave Economy |
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76 | (15) |
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The South Atlantic System |
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77 | (3) |
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Slavery in the Chesapeake and South Carolina |
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80 | (4) |
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The Emergence of an African American Community |
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84 | (1) |
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Resistance and Accommodation |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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The Northern Maritime Economy |
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88 | (3) |
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The New Politics of Empire, 1713-1750 |
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91 | (8) |
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The Rise of Colonial Assemblies |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (2) |
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Protecting the Mercantile System |
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94 | (1) |
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The American Economic Challenge |
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95 | |
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OLAUDAH EQUIANO: The Brutal "Middle Passage" |
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81 | (12) |
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GOVERNOR JOSEPH DUDLEY AND JOHN WINCHESTER: A "Leveling" Spirit in the Colonies |
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93 | (6) |
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Chapter 4 GROWTH AND CRISIS IN COLONIAL SOCIETY, 1720-1765 |
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99 | (32) |
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Freehold Society in New England |
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100 | (4) |
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Farm Families: Women's Place |
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100 | (2) |
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Farm Property: Inheritance |
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102 | (1) |
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The Crisis of Freehold Society |
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103 | (1) |
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The Middle Atlantic: Toward a New Society, 1720-1765 |
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104 | (8) |
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Economic Growth and Social Inequality |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (5) |
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Religious Identity and Political Conflict |
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111 | (1) |
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The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening, 1740-1765 |
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112 | (7) |
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The Enlightenment in America |
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112 | (2) |
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American Pietism and the Great Awakening |
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114 | (2) |
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Religious Upheaval in the North |
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116 | (1) |
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Social and Religious Conflict in the South |
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117 | (2) |
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The Midcentury Challenge: War, Trade, and Social Conflict, 1750-1765 |
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119 | (12) |
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The French and Indian War Becomes a War for Empire |
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119 | (3) |
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British Economic Growth and the Consumer Revolution |
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122 | (2) |
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The Struggle for Land in the East |
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124 | (1) |
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Western Uprisings and Regulator Movements |
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125 | |
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Runaway Servants and Slaves |
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107 | (20) |
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CHARLES WOODMASON: Social Chaos on the Carolina Frontier |
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127 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 TOWARD INDEPENDENCE: YEARS OF DECISION, 1763-1775 |
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131 | (31) |
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The Imperial Reformers, 1763-1765 |
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132 | (6) |
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132 | (2) |
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The Sugar Act and Colonial Rights |
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134 | (3) |
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An Open Challenge: The Stamp Act |
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137 | (1) |
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The Dynamics of Rebellion, 1765-1766 |
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138 | (7) |
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Politicians Protest and the Crowd Rebels |
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138 | (4) |
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Ideological Roots of Resistance |
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142 | (1) |
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Parliament Compromises, 1766 |
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143 | (2) |
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The Growing Confrontation, 1767-1770 |
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145 | (6) |
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The Townshend Initiatives |
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145 | (2) |
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America Again Debates and Resists |
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147 | (2) |
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Lord North Compromises, 1770 |
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149 | (2) |
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The Road to War, 1771-1775 |
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151 | (15) |
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151 | (2) |
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The Continental Congress Responds |
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153 | (2) |
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The Rising of the Countryside |
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155 | (3) |
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The Failure of Compromise |
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158 | |
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SAMUEL ADAMS: An American View of the Stamp Act |
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144 | (15) |
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LIEUTENANT COLONEL FRANCIS SMITH: A British View of Lexington and Concord |
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159 | (3) |
Part Two THE NEW REPUBLIC, 1775-1820 |
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162 | (126) |
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Chapter 6 WAR AND REVOLUTION, 1775-1783 |
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166 | (30) |
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Toward Independence, 1775-1776 |
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167 | (5) |
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The Second Continental Congress and Civil War |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (3) |
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171 | (1) |
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The Trials of War, 1776-1778 |
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172 | (6) |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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Social and Financial Perils |
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176 | (2) |
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The Path to Victory, 1778-1783 |
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178 | (6) |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (1) |
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Republicanism Defined and Challenged |
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184 | (12) |
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Republican Ideals under Wartime Pressures |
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184 | (3) |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (2) |
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A Republican Religious Order |
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190 | |
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MARY HOOKS SLOCUMB: The Meaning of War |
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169 | (22) |
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ALEXANDER COVENTRY: The Character of Northern Slavery |
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191 | (5) |
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Chapter 7 THE NEW POLITICAL ORDER, 1776-1800 |
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196 | (31) |
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Creating Republican Institutions, 1776-1787 |
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197 | (10) |
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The State Constitutions: How Much Democracy? |
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197 | (5) |
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The Articles of Confederation |
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202 | (4) |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (8) |
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The Rise of a Nationalist Faction |
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207 | (1) |
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The Philadelphia Convention |
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208 | (3) |
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The People Debate Ratification |
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211 | (3) |
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The Federalists Implement the Constitution |
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214 | (1) |
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The Political Crisis of the 1790's |
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215 | (12) |
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Hamilton's Financial Program |
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216 | (2) |
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Jefferson's Agrarian Vision |
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218 | (1) |
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The French Revolution Divides Americans |
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219 | (2) |
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The Rise of Political Parties |
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221 | (1) |
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Constitutional Crisis, 1798-1800 |
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222 | |
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ABIGAIL AND JOHN ADAMS: The Status of Women |
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200 | (23) |
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WILLIAM COBBETT: Peter Porcupine Attacks Pro-French Americans |
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223 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 THE DYNAMICS OF WESTERN SETTLEMENT AND EASTERN CAPITALISM, 1790-1820 |
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227 | (30) |
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228 | (9) |
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Native American Resistance |
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228 | (4) |
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Migration and the Changing Farm Economy |
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232 | (3) |
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The Transportation Bottleneck |
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235 | (2) |
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The Republicans' Political Revolution |
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237 | (9) |
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The Jeffersonian Presidency |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (1) |
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Conflict with Britain and France |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (4) |
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The Capitalist Commonwealth |
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246 | (11) |
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Banks, Manufacturing, and Markets |
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246 | (3) |
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Public Policy: The Commonwealth System |
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249 | (1) |
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Federalist Law: John Marshall and the Supreme Court |
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250 | |
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RED JACKET: A Seneca Chief's Understanding of Religion |
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232 | (22) |
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ALEXIS DE TOCQUEVILLE: Law and Lawyers in the United States |
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254 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 THE QUEST FOR A REPUBLICAN SOCIETY, 1790-1820 |
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257 | (31) |
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258 | (8) |
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Social and Political Equality for White Men |
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258 | (2) |
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Toward a Republican Marriage System |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (2) |
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Raising and Educating Republican Children |
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263 | (3) |
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Aristocratic Republicanism and Slavery |
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266 | (11) |
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The North and South Grow Apart |
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266 | (2) |
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Toward a New Southern Social Order |
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268 | (3) |
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Slave Society and Culture |
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271 | (1) |
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The Free Black Population |
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272 | (3) |
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275 | (2) |
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Protestant Christianity as a Social Force |
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277 | (15) |
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The Second Great Awakening |
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277 | (7) |
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Women's New Religious Roles |
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284 | |
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JACOB STROYER: A Child Learns the Meaning of Slavery |
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273 | (6) |
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FRANCES TROLLOPE: A Camp Meeting in Indiana |
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279 | (9) |
Part Three ECONOMIC REVOLUTION AND SECTIONAL STRIFE, 1820-1877 |
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288 | |
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Chapter 10 THE ECONOMIC REVOLUTION, 1820-1860 |
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292 | (30) |
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The Coming of Industry: Northeastern Manufacturing |
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293 | (8) |
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Division of Labor and the Factory |
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293 | (1) |
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The Textile Industry and British Competition |
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294 | (3) |
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American Mechanics and Technological Innovation |
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297 | (2) |
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Wage Workers and the Labor Movement |
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299 | (2) |
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301 | (8) |
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Migration to the Southwest and the Midwest |
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301 | (1) |
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The Transportation Revolution Forges Regional Ties |
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302 | (6) |
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The Growth of Cities and Towns |
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308 | (1) |
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Changes in the Social Structure |
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309 | (13) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
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Urban Workers and the Poor |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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Immigration and Cultural Conflict |
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317 | |
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LUCY LARCOM: Early Days at Lowell |
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298 | (20) |
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JOHN GOUGH: The Vice of Intemperance |
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318 | (4) |
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Chapter 11 A DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION, 1820-1844 |
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322 | (30) |
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The Rise of Popular Politics, 1820-1829 |
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323 | (7) |
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The Decline of the Notables and the Rise of Parties |
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323 | (2) |
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325 | (2) |
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The Last Notable President: John Quincy Adams |
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327 | (1) |
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"The Democracy" and the Election of 1828 |
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328 | (2) |
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The Jacksonian Presidency, 1829-1837 |
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330 | (12) |
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Jackson's Agenda: Patronage and Policy |
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332 | (1) |
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The Tariff and Nullification |
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333 | (1) |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (4) |
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340 | (2) |
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Class, Culture, and the Second Party System |
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342 | (10) |
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342 | (3) |
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Labor Politics and the Depression of 1837-1843 |
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345 | (2) |
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"Tippecanoe and Tyler Too!" |
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347 | |
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MARGARET BAYARD SMITH: Republican Majesty and Mobs |
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331 | (7) |
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BLACK HAWK: A Sacred Reverence for Our Lands |
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338 | (14) |
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Chapter 12 RELIGION AND REFORM, 1820-1860 |
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352 | (30) |
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353 | (5) |
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Emerson and Transcendentalism |
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353 | (2) |
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Emerson's Literary Influence |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (9) |
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358 | (3) |
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361 | (1) |
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John Humphrey Noyes and the Oneida Community |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (5) |
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367 | (7) |
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Uplift, Race-Equality, and Rebellion |
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367 | (1) |
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Garrison and Evangelical Abolitionism |
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368 | (3) |
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Opposition and Internal Conflict |
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371 | (3) |
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The Women's Rights Movement |
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374 | (8) |
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Origins of the Women's Movement |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (2) |
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The Program of Seneca Falls and Beyond |
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378 | |
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An Illinois "Jeffersonian" Attacks the Mormons |
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365 | (12) |
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KEZIAH KENDALL: A Farm Woman Defends the Grimke Sisters |
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377 | (5) |
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Chapter 13 THE CRISIS OF THE UNION, 1844-1860 |
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382 | (30) |
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383 | (9) |
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The Mature Cotton Economy, 1820-1860 |
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383 | (3) |
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The Independence of Texas |
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386 | (1) |
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The Push to the Pacific: Oregon and California |
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387 | (3) |
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The Fateful Election of 1844 |
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390 | (2) |
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War, Expansion, and Slavery, 1846-1850 |
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392 | (6) |
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The War with Mexico, 1846-1848 |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (3) |
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1850: Crisis and Compromise |
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396 | (2) |
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The End of the Second Party System, 1850-1858 |
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398 | (8) |
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Resistance to the Fugitive Slave Act |
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399 | (1) |
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The Political System in Decline |
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400 | (1) |
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The Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Rise of New Parties |
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401 | (2) |
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The Election of 1856 and Dred Scott |
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403 | (3) |
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Abraham Lincoln and the Republican Triumph, 1858-1860 |
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406 | (6) |
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Lincoln's Political Career |
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407 | (2) |
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The Party System Fragments |
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|
409 | |
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MARY BOYKIN CHESNUT: A Slaveholding Woman's Diary |
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385 | (19) |
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AXALLA JOHN HOOLE: "Bleeding Kansas": A Southern View |
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404 | (8) |
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Chapter 14 TWO SOCIETIES AT WAR, 1861-1865 |
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412 | (30) |
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Secession and Military Stalemate, 1861-1862 |
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413 | (10) |
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413 | (5) |
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Setting War Aims and Devising Strategies |
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418 | (5) |
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423 | (5) |
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Mobilizing Armies and Civilians |
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423 | (3) |
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426 | (2) |
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428 | (4) |
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428 | (2) |
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430 | (2) |
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The Union Victorious, 1864-1865 |
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432 | (10) |
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432 | (4) |
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The Election of 1864 and Sherman's March to the Sea |
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|
436 | |
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ERNEST DUVEYIER DE HAURANNE: German Immigrants and the Civil War within Missouri |
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417 | (22) |
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DOLLY SUMNER LUNT: Sherman's March through Georgia |
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439 | (3) |
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Chapter 15 RECONSTRUCTION, 1865-1877 |
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|
442 | |
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Presidential Reconstruction |
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443 | (9) |
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443 | (1) |
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Johnson Seizes the Initiative |
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444 | (2) |
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446 | (4) |
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Congress versus President |
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450 | (2) |
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452 | (12) |
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453 | (3) |
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456 | (1) |
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Republican Rule in the South |
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457 | (3) |
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460 | (4) |
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The Undoing of Reconstruction |
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|
464 | |
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465 | (3) |
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468 | (1) |
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The Political Crisis of 1877 |
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|
469 | |
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JOURDON ANDERSON: Relishing Freedom |
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447 | (19) |
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HARRIET HERNANDES: The Intimidation of Black Voters |
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|
466 | |
DOCUMENTS |
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D-1 | |
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The Declaration of Independence |
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D-1 | |
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The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union |
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D-4 | |
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The Constitution of the United States |
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D-9 | |
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Amendments to the Constitution |
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|
D-18 | |
APPENDIX |
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A-1 | |
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A-1 | |
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A-2 | |
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A-3 | |
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A-4 | |
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A-5 | |
GLOSSARY |
|
G-1 | |
CREDITS |
|
C-1 | |
INDEX |
|
I-1 | |