The Nonprofit Handbook,9781929109135

The Nonprofit Handbook

by
Edition: 4th
ISBN13: 9781929109135
ISBN10: 192910913X
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2004-12-31
Publisher(s): White Hat Communications
List Price: $29.95

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Summary

The definitive reference manual for starting and running a nonprofit corporation in the United States, this handbook provides information on everything from legal issues to fundraising techniques. Details of how to incorporate, register to lobby, apply for tax exemptions, and comply with charitable solicitation laws are included for every state and for the District of Columbia. Information about current federal laws, regulations, and court decisions that apply to nonprofits, as well as on staffing, advocacy, strategic planning, and bookkeeping is provided. This updated edition includes a discussion on the trends in nonprofit management and the future of the nonprofit sector.

Author Biography

Gary M. Grobman is the author of The Nonprofit Internet Handbook, The Nonprofit Organization's Guide to E-Commerce, and The Pennsylvania Nonprofit Handbook. He is a contributing editor for the monthly newsletter Pennsylvania Nonprofit Report, a former consultant to the Pennsylvania General Assembly on nonprofit issues, and a former chairperson of the Nonprofit Advocacy Network. He lives in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.

Table of Contents

Foreword
Joe Geiger
Introduction 15(8)
Part I: For Practitioners
Quick Start Guide to Forming a Nonprofit Organization
23(2)
The Decision to Incorporate
25(6)
Introduction to Incorporation
Advantages and Disadvantages of Incorporation
Nonprofits and Private Benefit
Steps to Incorporation
31(6)
Introduction to Incorporation
Role of Incorporators
Choosing a Corporate Name
Choosing Corporate Purposes
Choosing to Have Members or No Members
Additional Provisions
Bylaws
37(4)
Introduction to Preparing Bylaws
Legal Requirements of Bylaws
Nonprofit Boards of Directors
41(8)
Board Formation
Organizational Officers
Getting Good Board Members
Keeping Good Board Members
Board Responsibilities
How Boards Function Effectively
Holding High-Quality Board Meetings
Relationship Between Board Members and Staff Members
Mission and Vision Statements
49(6)
The Mission Statement
The Vision Statement
Examples of Mission and Vision Statements
Strategic Planning
55(10)
Introduction
Purpose of Strategic Planning
Making the Decision to Develop a Strategic Plan
Benefits of Strategic Planning
Costs of Strategic Planning
A Sample Strategic Planning Model
A Transforming Model for Nonprofit Board Leadership
65(8)
Overview
Current Board Functioning
A New System of Board Governance
Conclusion
Nonprofit Organization Ethics
73(12)
Introduction
Ethics in the Nonprofit Environment
Accountability
Conflict of Interest
Disclosures
Accumulation of Surplus
Outside Remuneration
Salaries, Benefits, and Perquisites
Taxpayer Bill of Rights II---Intermediate Sanctions
Codes of Ethics
Conclusion
Section 501(c)(3) Tax-Exempt Status
85(8)
Introduction
How to Apply for 501(c)(3) Status
Fees
Completing the Application
Differences Between Private Foundations and Public Charities
Timetable
A Short History of Tax-Exempt Status
Tax-Exempt Status Other Than 501(c)(3)
Liability, Risk Management, and Insurance
93(6)
General Liability Concerns of Nonprofit Organizations
Liability of Officers, Directors, and Other Volunteers
Civil and Criminal Liability
Strategies to Minimize Exposure to Lawsuits
Volunteer Protection Act
Insurance for Nonprofits and Nonprofit Personnel
Unemployment Compensation Insurance
Risk Management
Fiscal Issues
99(6)
Bookkeeping
Audits/Fiscal Accountability
Audit Report
Review
Compilation
Budgeting
Steps to Preparing a Budget
Line-Item Budget
Program Budget
Expense Reimbursement
Personnel
105(8)
Introduction
Major Federal Laws Affecting Employers
Sample State Laws Affecting Nonprofit Employers
Standard Paperwork for Corporations With Employees
Hiring, Evaluation, and Firing
113(12)
Introduction
Options--- Advantages, Disadvantages, Legal Considerations
Process in Hiring
Evaluation
Firing
Discipline Short of Firing
Discipline Continuum
How to Fire
Volunteers
125(6)
Introduction
Benefits and Considerations of Volunteers
Nonprofit Organization Volunteer Policy
Volunteer Job Description
Volunteer Recruitment
Orientation
Rewards
Virtual Volunteering
Web Resources
Charitable Solicitation Registration
131(4)
Introduction
The Unified Registration Statement
State Regulation of Charitable Fundraising on the Internet
Fundraising
135(8)
How Much To Fundraise
IRS Substantiation Rules
Sources of Funding
Hiring a Consultant
Writing Effective Grant Proposals
143(8)
Introduction
Researching the Grantor
Sections of a Grant Application
Lobbying
151(8)
Legal Requirements for Lobbying
Effective Strategies for Lobbying and Advocacy
501(h) Election
IRS Regulations on Lobbying
Contacts With Legislators
Political Activity by Nonprofits
159(6)
Introduction
Individual Political Activities
Penalties
Quasi-Political Activities
Communications and Public Relations
165(8)
Introduction
Menu of Nonprofit Communications Tools
The Internet for Nonprofits
173(16)
Introduction
What is the Internet?
Equipment Needed to Connect to the Internet
Practical Applications of the Internet
The World Wide Web
Deciphering a Web Address
How to Find Resources on the Web
Directories
Web Rings
Domain Names
How to Register a Domain Name
Developing Your Own Web Page
Internet Etiquette (a.k.a. Netiquette)
Problems With the Internet
Useful Internet Resources for Nonprofits
Fundraising on the Internet
189(20)
Introduction
Using E-Mail to Communicate Organizational Needs to Stakeholders
Electronic Newsletters
Web Sites That Encourage Fundraising
Encouraging First Time Visitors
How to Keep Visitors Returning to Your Web Site
How Fundraising Professionals are Harnessing the Internet
Conclusion
Nonprofit E-Commerce
209(12)
Introduction
Build, Buy, or Rent?
Payment Service Providers
Costs
Handling Online Financial Transactions
Customer Service
Receipts and Invoices
Collecting Taxes
Shipping and Handling
Security and Privacy
Charity Portals
Online Shopping Malls
Charity Auctions
Online Communities
Legal Issues
Forming and Running a Coalition
221(6)
Introduction
The Coalition
Structures of Coalitions
Advantages of Forming a Coalition
Disadvantages of Coalitions
To Form a Coalition or Not
How to Form a Coalition
Miscellaneous Administrative Issues
227(10)
Office Equipment
Staffing Patterns
Stationery/Logo
Filing Systems
Computer
Hardware/Software
Credit Card Sales
Computer Communications/Internet
Postal Service Issues
Nonprofits and Small Business Competition
237(6)
Introduction
Federal Unrelated Business Income Tax (UBIT)
Differences Between Nonprofits and For-Profits
State and Local Tax Exemptions
243(4)
Sales and Use Tax-Exemptions
Why User Charges May Not Be the Answer
Justification for the Charitable Tax Exemption
Property Tax Challenges: How to Respond
247(6)
Education
Planning
Documentation
Communication
Collaboration
Discussion
Mergers and Consolidations
253(4)
Factors That Trigger Merger Consideration
How to Begin
Steps to a Merger
Budgeting
Obstacles to Merger
Legal Requirements
Quality Issues
257(4)
Introduction
Why Quality is Important to Nonprofit Organizations
The Cost of Poor Quality
Quality in the Nonprofit Organizational Context
Change Management
261(12)
Total Quality Management
Business Process Reengineering
Benchmarking
Outcome-Based Management
Large Group Intervention
PART II: A Student Guide to Nonprofit Organizations
Defining and Describing the Nonprofit Sector
273(14)
Definition of Nonprofit Organization
Models of Nonprofit Organizations
Classification of Nonprofit Organizations
How Organizations are Funded
Legal Definition of Charitable Organization and Tax Exemption
Size and Growth of the Voluntary Nonprofit Sector
Nonprofit Taxonomies
Assets of the Sector
Boundaries of the Sector
Differences Among the Sectors
References
A Brief History of the Nonprofit Sector
287(12)
Introduction
Modern Roots of American Charitable Law and Organizations
References
Theory of the Nonprofit Sector
299(10)
Public Goods Theory
Market Failure Theory
Market Failure and High Transaction Costs
Pluralistic Theory
Externality Theory
Contract Failure Theory
Mediating Structures
Subsidy Theories
Consumer Control Theory
Theory of the Commons
Are Nonprofits Altruistic or Self-Maximizing?
References
The Future of the Nonprofit Sector
309(16)
Introduction
Trend 1: Terrorism and the Fear of Terrorism
Trend 2: The Demographics of the United States Population is Changing
Trend 3: Most Nonprofits are Taking Advantage of the Technological Revolution, but a Digital Divide Threatens to Divide the Sector into ``Haves'' and ``Have Nots''
Trend 4: The Nonprofit Sector Should Expect Increased Government Scrutiny, as Well as More Regulation and Accountability Requirements
Trend 5: Government Funding is Drying Up at a Time When Demand for Services Will be Increasing
Trend 6: Donor Attitude Changes Will Profoundly Affect How Charities Raise Funds
Trend 7: The Nonprofit, For-Profit and Government Sectors Will Continue to Converge
Conclusion
References
Directory of State and National Organizations 325(4)
State Directory 329(107)
State Government Web Sites of Interest to Nonprofit Organizations 436(7)
Appendix A---Sample Bylaws 443(3)
Appendix B---New Year's Resolutions for Nonprofit Execs 446(3)
Appendix C---About the Author 449(1)
Appendix D---Reader Survey/Order Form 450(1)
Bibliography 451(14)
Index 465

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