Ice Sheets and Late Quaternary Environmental Change,9780471985709

Ice Sheets and Late Quaternary Environmental Change

by
Edition: 1st
ISBN13: 9780471985709
ISBN10: 0471985708
Format: Paperback
Pub. Date: 2001-04-11
Publisher(s): WILEY
List Price: $99.14

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Summary

This book would appeal to 2nd/3rd year students of Quaternary Science, most University Geography, Earth Science or Geology departments, as well as researchers and academics in Quaternary Science.

Author Biography

Martin J. Siegert FRSE is a British glaciologist, a professor at Imperial College London, and co-director of the Grantham Institute - Climate Change and Environment.

Table of Contents

Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xv
Causes of Ice Ages
1(10)
Introduction
1(1)
Growth and decay of terrestrial glaciers
1(4)
Milankovitch Theory
5(1)
Amplifying factors and feedback Mechanisms
6(2)
Sea Level
6(1)
Surface Alberdo
7(1)
Carbon Dioxide
7(1)
Ice Sheet elevation
8(1)
Ocean circulation
8(1)
Concluding remarks on feedback and ice-age forcing
8(1)
Recent theories for the 100 000 year glacial cycles
8(1)
Inclination of Earth's orbital plane
8(1)
Potential cyclicity within the thermohaline Ocean conveyor
9(1)
Recent evidence from the last interglacial
9(2)
Indicators of Ice Volume and Climate Change
11(12)
Records of global climate change
11(8)
Introduction
11(1)
Ocean floor sediments at abyssal depths
11(1)
Deep ice cores
11(2)
Oxygen isotope records
13(1)
Isotopic concentrations and ice cores
13(1)
Isotopic concentrations and sea floor sediments
13(2)
Deep-sea oxygen isotope data and Milankovitch forcing
15(1)
Mg/Ca palaeothermometry from sea floor sediments
15(1)
Further information from ice core
16(1)
Snowfall analysis from ice core studies
16(1)
Carbon dioxide analysis from ice core studies
16(1)
Chemical signatures in ice cores
17(1)
Dust in ice cores
18(1)
Ash and volcanic activity recorded in ice cores
18(1)
Cosmogenic radionuclides in ice cores
18(1)
Carbonate records
18(1)
Records of global sea-change
19(2)
Introduction
19(1)
Global sea level curve
19(1)
Sea level variation within the glaciated regions
20(1)
Relative sea level and glacial isostasy
21(1)
Concluding remarks
21(2)
The flow of ice and ice sheet Modelling
23(8)
The flow of glaciers and ice sheets
23(4)
Internal deformation of ice
23(1)
Basal sliding
24(2)
Basal sediment deformation
26(1)
Non-steady and fast glacier motion
26(1)
Glacial Isostasy
27(1)
Asthenospheric diffusion
27(1)
Lithospheric displacement
28(1)
Ice sheet models
28(1)
Feedback within ice sheet models
29(2)
Late Quaternarygeology 1-Terrestrial: Glacial Morphology and Sedimentology
31(12)
Glacial erosion features
31(5)
Introduction
31(1)
Glacial (ice) erosion processes
32(1)
Abrasion
32(1)
Plucking
32(1)
regelation
32(2)
Glaci-erosional landforms
34(1)
Rock crushing
35(1)
Erosion of ice combined with frost action
35(1)
Pressure release and dilation
35(1)
Subglacial water activity
36(1)
Glacial sedimentation and deposition
37(3)
Landforms formed subglacially, parallel to ice flow
37(1)
Drumlins
37(1)
Deformation of sediments
37(1)
Fluvial action
37(2)
Drumlinoid ridges, or drumlinised ground moraine
39(1)
Flutes and fluted moraines
39(1)
Landforms formed subglacially, transverse to ice flow
39(1)
Ribbed moraines (or rogen moraines)
39(1)
Terrestrial glacial geology and ice sheet reconstructions
40(3)
Background reading
40(3)
Late Quaternary Geology II - Raised Shorelines and Continental Shelf
43(10)
Raised shorelines and isostatic uplift
43(1)
Glaci-marine sedimentation
44(1)
Lakes (glaci-lacustrine sedimentation)
45(4)
The physical character of glacially-fed or ice-dammed lakes
46(1)
Glaci-lacustrine sedimentary processes
47(1)
Landforms from glaci-lacustrine deposition
47(1)
Other information from lacustrine environments
48(1)
Continental shelf (shallow marine sedimentation)
49(1)
Introduction
49(1)
Transport of sediment out of the ice sheet system
49(1)
Icebergs from grounded margins of ice sheets
49(1)
Ice shelves and icebergs
49(1)
Sedimentation rates
49(1)
Glacial erosion and deposition over the marine-based continental shelf
50(3)
Background reading
50(3)
Late Quaternary Geology III - Continental Shelf-Break Sediments and Deep Sea Environments and Iceberg Debris
53(12)
Trough-fan complexes
53(2)
Rates of sedimentation over glaci-genic fans
55(1)
Marine geological data from the Eurasian Arctic: Fan distribution and structure
56(4)
A Qualitative Model for Sedimentation on Glacier-Influenced Margins
60(1)
Deep sea environments
61(1)
Spatial distribution of IRD
61(1)
Heinrich layers
62(1)
Local variations in the palaeo-environmental signals
63(2)
Late Quaternary Palaeoclimate
65(12)
Introduction
65(1)
Geological information on palaeoclimate
65(1)
Examples of ice-core-geological data inter-comparison
66(2)
Modern climate controls (polar atmospheric circulation)
68(2)
Climate models of the last glacial maximum within the Northern Hemisphere
70(5)
Climap
70(1)
GCM modelling
71(1)
Eemian interglacial
71(1)
Last glacial
71(1)
The Laurentide Ice Sheet
71(1)
Effect of sea-surface temperatures on the Eurasian Ice Sheet
72(3)
LGM global climate transect
75(2)
Late Quaternary Palaeoceanography
77(14)
Introduction
77(1)
Ocean influence on climate: present day
77(2)
Surface currents
77(1)
Oceanic conveyor belt
77(2)
Ocean influence on climate during the last glaciation
79(1)
Surface ocean currents under a CLIMAP-type glacial scenario
79(1)
Surface currents under a non-CLIMAP-type scenario
79(1)
Ocean conveyor circulation: A glacial cycle prediction
79(7)
Interglacial state
81(1)
Preglacial state
81(5)
Glacial state
86(1)
Deglacial state
86(1)
Short-term changes in ocean conditions and climate
86(5)
Ice Sheet Reconstructions I - The Antarctic Ice Sheet
91(22)
A very brief introduction to the Antarctic Ice Sheet
91(2)
Geological information
93(11)
Pre Quaternary ice sheet history
93(1)
Basic LGM issues
93(1)
Geological information for Late Quaternary Antarctic ice sheet change
94(1)
Last interglacial
94(1)
Last glacial
94(1)
CLIMAP reconstruction for the LGM
94(2)
Drewry's reconstruction
96(1)
Post CLIMAP scenarios
96(1)
Ross Sea glaciation
97(4)
Prydz Bay and the Lambert Amery system
101(1)
Antarctic Peninsula
101(1)
Further support for CLIMAP ice extent
102(1)
Evidence for Heinrich-style IRD events from the Antarctic Ice Sheet
103(1)
Holocene retreat of ice
103(1)
Numerical modelling information
104(6)
Glaciological ice sheet modelling
104(1)
Ice sheet sensitivity
105(3)
Antarctic ice sheet reconstruction through the last glacial cycle
108(1)
Modelling of the ice sheet in Dronning Maud Land
108(2)
Results from isostatic modelling of post-glacial uplift and the contribution to global sea level
110(1)
Summary of glacial history and the contribution to LGM global sea level fall
110(3)
Ice Sheet reconstructions II - The Greenland Ice Sheet
113(18)
A very brief introduction to the Greenland Ice Sheet
113(3)
Geological information
116(8)
Introduction
116(1)
The last glacial maximum
116(3)
West Greenland
119(1)
North Greenland
119(1)
East Greenland
120(1)
South Greenland
120(1)
Evidence from ice cores
120(1)
Summary of deglaciation
120(2)
Ice core evidence for rapid climate changes over Greenland
122(1)
Uplift history
122(2)
Numerical modelling information
124(5)
Glaciological ice sheet modelling
124(1)
Introduction
124(1)
Glacial-interglacial results
125(1)
Ice sheet sensitivity experiments
125(1)
Future work
125(3)
Isostatic modelling
128(1)
Summary of glacial history and the contribution of greenland ice sheet to lgm global sea level fall
129(2)
Ice Sheet Reconstructions III - British Isles Ice Sheet, Scandinavian Ice Sheet, Eurasian High Arctic Ice Sheets (Barents Ice Sheet)
131(34)
Introduction
131(3)
Modern and ancient climate controls for the European Arctic
132(1)
Modern climate
132(1)
Ancient climate (geological and oceanographic information)
133(1)
British Isles ice sheet
134(2)
Scandinavian ice sheet
136(12)
Geological records
136(1)
LGM
137(2)
Deglaciation
139(6)
Numerical modelling studies
145(1)
European ice sheets and Heinrich layers?
145(3)
Eurasian high arctic ice sheet
148(2)
Weichselian glaciations
148(1)
High productivity zones: conditions for ice sheet growth
148(1)
IRD and δ18O records
149(1)
Geological evidence for ice sheet extent
149(1)
Previous Late Weichselian ice sheet reconstructions
150(1)
Proponents of the `maximum' ice mass idea
150(1)
Opponents of the `maximum' ice mass
150(1)
Geological information for the onset of late Weichselian glaciation and the LGM
150(3)
Onset of glacial activity
150(1)
Onset within the western Barents Sea
151(1)
Surrounding ocean conditions
151(1)
LGM ice sheet limits
151(1)
Sedimentary fan systems across the Eurasian continental margin
151(1)
Eastern margin - Severnaya Zemlya
151(1)
Southern margin of the ice sheet
152(1)
Mechanisms for the glacierisation of the Eurasian Arctic seas
153(1)
Numerical ice sheets models
153(11)
Weichselian glaciations
154(2)
Late Weichselian ice sheet
156(1)
Maximum ice sheet
156(2)
Minimum ice sheet
158(1)
Palaeoclimate reconstruction for the Late Weichselian
158(3)
Isostatic modelling
161(1)
Geological data - deglaciation
161(1)
Ice sheet modelling - deglaciation
162(1)
Isostatic modelling of ice sheet decay
162(2)
Summary of the late quaternary glaciation of the Eurasian arctic
164(1)
ICE Sheet Reconstructions IV - North America, Laurentide Ice Sheet, Cordilleran Ice Sheet, Innuitian Ice Sheet
165(30)
Geological evidence
165(16)
Introduction
165(1)
Present day ice masses in North America
165(1)
Onset of ice growth (Late Wisconsin)
166(1)
Maximum extent of ice sheets
167(1)
Cordilleran Ice Sheet and the northwest of North America
167(1)
Laurentide Ice Sheet
167(1)
Extent of ice during ice sheet decay
167(1)
Ice sheet decay and the formation of lobes
167(2)
Ice sheet decay and the formation of proglacial lakes
169(1)
The chronology of proglacial lakes Agassiz, Algonquin and Ojibway
170(5)
The effect of proglacial lakes on climate and ice sheet dynamics
175(1)
Brief summary of proglacial lake chronology
175(1)
Raised beaches and post glacial isostatic uplift
175(2)
Production of icebergs from the Laurentide Ice Sheet
177(1)
Climate and the Laurentide Ice Sheet
178(1)
Deglaciation of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet
178(2)
Possibility of subglacial lake outbursts during deglaciation
180(1)
Further Inspection of the Laurentide Ice Sheet glacial geology and unstable flow of ice
180(1)
Numerical models of the Wisconsin North American ice sheets
181(9)
LGM Ice sheet configuration
181(1)
Time-dependent growth of ice
182(1)
Geological and topographic control on ice sheet dynamics
182(3)
Unstable ice flow and ice stream thermo-mechanics
185(1)
Time-dependent numerical studies of deglaciation
186(1)
Ice-Ocean interactions: Heinrich events
187(1)
Implications for oceanic circulation
188(1)
The Late Wisconsinan Innuitian Ice Sheet
189(1)
Glaciation of other parts of North America
190(1)
Alaska and the Brooks Range
190(1)
Aleutian Islands
191(1)
Rocky Mountain National Parks
191(1)
Sierra Nevada
191(1)
Glacial History of Mexico and Central America
191(1)
Summary of the glaciation of North America
191(4)
Ice Sheet Reconstructions V - Remaining LGM Ice cover. Iceland, South America: Patagonia and the Andes, Southe Island (new Zealand) and Tasmania, Mainland Europe, Tibet
195(12)
Introduction
195(1)
Iceland
195(2)
South America
197(3)
Patagonian ice cap
197(2)
Equatorial Andes
199(1)
New Zealand and Australia
200(1)
South Island
200(1)
Tasmania
200(1)
Glaciation on Mauna Kea, Hawaii
200(1)
Europe
200(2)
The glaciation of Tibet
202(1)
Calculations of global sea level at the LGM
203(4)
References 207(16)
Index 223

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