Tables of Illustrations |
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xvii | |
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xvii | |
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xx | |
Foreword |
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xxii | |
Preface and Acknowledgments |
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xxv | |
Introduction |
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1 | (2) |
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Conventions Used in This Book |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
1 Why Closed Captioning? |
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3 | (6) |
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4 | (1) |
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An Overview of Line 21 Closed Captioning |
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5 | (1) |
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Captioning Symbols and Logos |
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6 | (3) |
2 A Brief History of Captioning |
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9 | (8) |
3 Captioning Styles and Conventions |
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17 | (12) |
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17 | (2) |
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Mixed-Case vs. All Uppercase |
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19 | (1) |
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Verbatim vs. Edited Captions |
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20 | (3) |
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20 | (1) |
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Why Edit for Reading Speed? |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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Conventions in Caption Presentation |
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23 | (6) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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25 | (1) |
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Sound Effects and Onomatopoeias |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
4 Captioning Law |
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29 | (18) |
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The Americans with Disabilities Act |
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29 | (4) |
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The Television Decoder Circuitry Act |
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33 | (6) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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Plugging the DTV Loophole |
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37 | (2) |
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The Telecommunications Act of 1996 |
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39 | (3) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (2) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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Rehabilitation Act of 1998, Section 508 |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (2) |
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46 | (1) |
5 Consumer Captioning Equipment |
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47 | (10) |
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48 | (1) |
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Captions on Consumer Televisions |
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49 | (3) |
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How Captions Are Turned On and Off |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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Making Captions Work with VCRs |
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52 | (1) |
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Making Captions Work with DVD Players |
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53 | (1) |
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Caption Readers and Decoders for Computers |
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54 | (3) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Caption Monitoring and Alarms |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
6 Troubleshooting |
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57 | (6) |
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57 | (5) |
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Captions Are Missing (Television) |
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57 | (1) |
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Captions Are Missing (VCR) |
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58 | (1) |
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Captions Are Missing (DVR) |
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59 | (1) |
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Captions Are Missing (DVD) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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Broadcast Troubleshooting |
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62 | (1) |
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Captions Are Being Stripped |
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62 | (1) |
7 Line 21 Technical Details |
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63 | (18) |
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63 | (1) |
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The Line 21 Character Set |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (2) |
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Preamble Address Codes (PACs) |
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70 | (3) |
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Decoder Memories and Caption Styles |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (4) |
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75 | (1) |
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Backing Up and Making Corrections |
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75 | (2) |
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Moving Roll-Up Captions Around the Screen |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (3) |
8 Encoding Equipment |
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81 | (12) |
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81 | (2) |
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Block Upstream Captions and Insert Raw Line 21 Data |
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81 | (1) |
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Block Upstream Captions and Insert Realtime ASCII Text |
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82 | (1) |
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Pass Through Upstream Captions Unmodified |
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83 | (1) |
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Pass Through Upstream Captions by Regenerating Line 21 |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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Open Captioning and Character Generators |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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DTV Encoders (Servers) and Transcoders |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
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Caption Bridges and Relocation |
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89 | (2) |
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Handling Multiple Lines and Fields |
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91 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
9 Decoding Equipment |
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93 | (6) |
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Consumer vs. Broadcast Decoders |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (4) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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Producing Transcripts for Searchable Video Archives |
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96 | (1) |
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Recaptioning an Edited Show |
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97 | (2) |
10 Online Captioning Overview |
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99 | (20) |
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99 | (6) |
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Scripts from Newsroom Computers |
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99 | (4) |
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Interspersing Scripts with Realtime |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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Online Captioning Software |
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106 | (13) |
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Purchasing Online Captioning Software |
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107 | (1) |
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System Requirements and Configurations |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (7) |
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116 | (3) |
11 Realtime Stenocaptioning |
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119 | (30) |
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119 | (3) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Punctuation and Speaker Identification |
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123 | (1) |
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Control and Editing Strokes |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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Automatic Conflict Resolution |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Obscenities in Captioning |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (6) |
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The History of Steno Keyboards |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (9) |
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Backing Up and Making Corrections |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Punctuation and Special Characters |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (1) |
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Dictionary Exchange Formats (RTF/CRE) |
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140 | (2) |
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142 | (7) |
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Words That Aren't in the Translation Dictionary |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
12 Realtime Voice Writing |
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149 | (12) |
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150 | (1) |
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Voice Writing vs. Stenocaptioning |
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150 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (3) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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Punctuation and Speaker Identification |
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156 | (1) |
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Speech Recognition Engines |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (4) |
13 Offline and Nonlinear Captioning |
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161 | (14) |
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161 | (2) |
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163 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (5) |
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164 | (5) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (3) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (3) |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (2) |
14 Caption Placement Strategies |
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175 | (8) |
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175 | (3) |
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176 | (1) |
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Covering Other Screen Information |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Dealing with Air-Time Graphics and Crawls |
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178 | (1) |
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Historical Considerations |
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179 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
15 Caption Timing |
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183 | (16) |
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183 | (2) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (2) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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Offsets and Simulated Timecodes |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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Assigning Timecodes to Captions |
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188 | (8) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (1) |
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Timing Multiple Caption Streams |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (2) |
16 DTV Captioning |
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199 | (18) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (6) |
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Unlocking Rows and Columns for Word Wrapping |
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202 | (1) |
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Justification vs. Anchor Points |
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203 | (1) |
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Text Print Direction and Scroll Direction |
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204 | (1) |
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Pop-On, Roll-Up, and New Effects |
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204 | (1) |
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Window Borders and Backgrounds |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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Character Formatting in DTVCC |
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206 | (6) |
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Colors and Text Backgrounds |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (3) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
17 Captioning and Subtitling on DVDs |
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217 | (6) |
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218 | (4) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
18 Other Line 21 Data |
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223 | (36) |
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223 | (4) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (13) |
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Structure of an XDS Packet |
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227 | (2) |
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Representing Times in XDS Packets |
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229 | (1) |
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Representing Dates in XDS Packets |
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230 | (1) |
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Current and Future Packets |
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230 | (7) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (9) |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (3) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (10) |
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251 | (1) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (6) |
19 Captions in Internet Streaming and Computer Media |
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259 | (16) |
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259 | (1) |
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Captions in Today's Media Players |
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260 | (3) |
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261 | (2) |
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263 | (1) |
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263 | (4) |
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267 | (3) |
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270 | (2) |
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Captioning Live Streaming Video |
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272 | (2) |
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Proprietary Streaming Systems |
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274 | (1) |
20 Accessible Web Site Design |
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275 | (10) |
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Fundamentals of Accessibility |
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276 | (3) |
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276 | (2) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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Is Attractive Layout Incompatible with Accessibility? |
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283 | (2) |
21 Movie Theater Captioning |
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285 | (8) |
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285 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (3) |
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289 | (1) |
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Personal Captioning Systems |
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289 | (4) |
22 CART and Live Event Captioning |
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293 | (10) |
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293 | (3) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (3) |
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297 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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CART vs. Electronic Note Taking |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (3) |
23 Audio Description for the Blind |
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303 | (6) |
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Guidelines for Producing Audio Description |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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Key Companies and Organizations |
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306 | (3) |
24 Language Issues in Line 21 |
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309 | (8) |
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309 | (8) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (1) |
Appendix 1: Captioning Equipment Vendors |
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317 | (12) |
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317 | (5) |
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322 | (7) |
Appendix 2: Captioning Service Providers |
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329 | (12) |
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329 | (9) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
Appendix 3: Captioning Resources Online |
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341 | (6) |
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General Closed Captioning Information |
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341 | (1) |
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Captioning Products and Services |
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341 | (1) |
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Broadcasting Associations and Standards Bodies |
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342 | (1) |
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343 | (1) |
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Disabilities Rights and ADA |
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343 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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Voice Writing and Speech Recognition |
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344 | (1) |
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344 | (1) |
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345 | (2) |
Appendix 4: Standards Documents |
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347 | (4) |
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347 | (2) |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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Global Engineering Documents |
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|
349 | (2) |
Glossary |
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351 | (14) |
Index |
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365 | |